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Next Generation Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Thermodynamic Understanding and Abuse Performance

Fenton, Kyle R.; Allcorn, Eric; Nagasubramanian, Ganesan

The objectives of this report are as follows: elucidate degradation mechanisms, decomposition products, and abuse response for next generation silicon based anodes; and Understand the contribution of various materials properties and cell build parameters towards thermal runaway enthalpies. Quantify the contributions from particle size, composition, state of charge (SOC), electrolyte to active materials ratio, etc.

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TYPE Other Report YEAR 2016
DOIOSTI

Material Characterization methods in InAs/InAsSb Type-II superlattices

Kadlec, Emil A.

This document presents a thesis proposal with three topics. It describes an in-depth comparison of lifetime measurement methods for material characterization of InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices; develops a characterization method based on the 2nd harmonic of a modulated carrier density; and relates lifetime measurements to device performance.

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TYPE Thesis or Dissertation YEAR 2016
OSTI

Far-field Wireless Energy Harvesting for Increased Safeguards Equipment Battery Life

Hymel, R.

Modern unattended safeguards equipment (e.g. seals) incorporates many low-power electronic circuits, which are typically powered by expensive and toxic lithium thionyl chloride (LiSOCL2) batteries. The limited life of these batteries necessitates their periodic replacement. This replacement must be performed before total battery discharge to avoid potential loss of continuity of knowledge. Thus, the effective battery capacity becomes significantly less than the actual usable capacity. Additionally, such maintenance is a radiological hazard to personnel, as well as a monetary burden to a safeguards inspectorate. Energy harvesting, a commercially available technology, could extend the operational life of batterypowered equipment to achieve significant efficiencies for safeguards deployments. Energy harvesting is the scavenging and storage of ambient energy sources, such as solar, thermal, and kinetic for use in lowpower electronic applications. While the amount of scavenged energy per unit time may be small, it most often comes from a source that will not be depleted throughout the deployment of the harvesting device. The best-known energy harvesters are solar panels and wind turbines. Recently, far-field wireless energy harvesting has become a commercially available option. Far-field wireless energy harvesting provides consistent, predictable, and un-tethered power over distances up to 50 feet. This process converts radio frequency (RF) energy, both intentionally emitted and ambient, into usable direct current (DC) power. Incorporating far-field wireless energy harvesting into safeguards equipment can significantly extend the equipment’s battery life and perhaps make it indefinite. Furthermore, additional functionality can be added to safeguards equipment without lowering its operational life expectancy. This paper explores the benefits and drawbacks of integrating far-field wireless energy harvesting into a chosen safeguards seal: the Remotely Monitored Sealing Array (RMSA). Specifically, it examines the performance of a commercially available RF harvesting system from Powercast, as well as commercial and custom antenna solutions.

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TYPE Other Report YEAR 2016
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OIE Collaborating Centre for Biorisk Management Strategic Plan

Van Brass, Hildren

Due to efforts by individual nations and the international community to monitor and control natural occurring outbreaks of animal and zoonotic diseases, any number and variety of select agents and especially dangerous pathogens can be found at diagnostic laboratories around the world. Diagnostic testing is a crucial aspect of disease surveillance, but the organized collection and testing of diagnostic samples from the animal and human population at laboratories has created a repository of disease agents and toxins that could cause serious harm if released or acquired by nefarious means. The delicate balance between public health disease surveillance and the management of biorisks at facilities utilized in surveillance is a necessary goal of veterinary public health.

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TYPE Other Report YEAR 2016
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Portable Diagnostics and Rapid Germination

Dunn, Zachary S.

In the Bioenergy and Defense Department of Sandia National Laboratories, characterization of the BaDx (Bacillus anthracis diagnostic cartridge) was performed and rapid germination chemistry was investigated. BaDx was tested with complex sample matrixes inoculated with Bacillus anthracis, and the trials proved that BaDx will detect Bacillus anthracis in a variety of the medium, such as dirt, serum, blood, milk, and horse fluids. The dimensions of the device were altered to accommodate an E. coli or Listeria lateral flow immunoassay, and using a laser printer, BaDx devices were manufactured to identify E. coli and Listeria. Initial testing with E. coli versions of BaDx indicate that the device will be viable as a portable diagnostic cartridge. The device would be more effective with faster bacteria germination; hence studies were performed the use of rapid germination chemistry. Trials with calcium dipicolinic acid displayed increased cell germination, as shown by control studies using a microplate reader. Upon lyophilization the rapid germination chemistry failed to change growth patterns, indicating that the calcium dipicolinic acid was not solubilized under the conditions tested. Although incompatible with the portable diagnostic device, the experiments proved that the rapid germination chemistry was effective in increasing cell germination.

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TYPE Other Report YEAR 2016
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Test Results and Comparison of Triaxial Strength Testing of Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Clean Salt

Buchholz, Stuart A.

This memorandum documents laboratory thermomechanical triaxial strength testing of Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) clean salt. The limited study completed independent, adjunct laboratory tests in the United States to assist in validating similar testing results being provided by the German facilities. The testing protocol consisted of completing confined triaxial, constant strain rate strength tests of intact WIPP clean salt at temperatures of 25°C and 100°C and at multiple confining pressures. The stratigraphy at WIPP also includes salt that has been labeled “argillaceous.” The much larger test matrix conducted in Germany included both the so-called clean and argillaceous salts. When combined, the total database of laboratory results will be used to develop input parameters for models, assess adequacy of existing models, and predict material behavior. These laboratory studies are also consistent with the goals of the international salt repository research program. The goal of this study was to complete a subset of a test matrix on clean salt from the WIPP undertaken by German research groups. The work was performed at RESPEC in Rapid City, South Dakota. A rigorous Quality Assurance protocol was applied, such that corroboration provides the potential of qualifying all of the test data gathered by German research groups.

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TYPE Other Report YEAR 2016
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Final Report: Characterization of Canister Mockup Weld Residual Stresses

Enos, David; Bryan, C.R.

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of interim storage containers has been indicated as a high priority data gap by the Department of Energy (DOE) (Hanson et al., 2012), the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI, 2011), the Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (NWTRB, 2010a), and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC, 2012a, 2012b). Uncertainties exist in terms of the environmental conditions that prevail on the surface of the storage containers, the stress state within the container walls associated both with weldments as well as within the base metal itself, and the electrochemical properties of the storage containers themselves. The goal of the work described in this document is to determine the stress states that exists at various locations within a typical storage canister by evaluating the properties of a full-diameter cylindrical mockup of an interim storage canister. This mockup has been produced using the same manufacturing procedures as the majority of the fielded spent nuclear fuel interim storage canisters. This document describes the design and procurement of the mockup and the characterization of the stress state associated with various portions of the container. It also describes the cutting of the mockup into sections for further analyses, and a discussion of the potential impact of the results from the stress characterization effort.

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TYPE Other Report YEAR 2016
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Systematic measurements of opacity dependence on temperature density and atomic number at stellar interior conditions

Nagayama, Taisuke; Bailey, James E.; Loisel, Guillaume P.; Rochau, G.A.; Blancard, C.; Colgan, J.; Cosse, Ph; Faussurier, G.; Fontes, C.J.; Golovkin, I.; Hansen, Stephanie B.; Iglesias, C.A.; Kilcrease, D.P.; Macfarlane, J.J.; Mancini, Roberto C.; Nahar, S.N.; Orban, C.; Pradham, A.K.; Sherrill, M.; Wilson, B.G.

Abstract not provided.

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TYPE Conference Poster YEAR 2016
OSTI

Comparison of State-Funded Technology Maturation Programs

Keller, Elizabeth; Warren, Drake; Hess, Marguerite E.

This study examines the structure and impact of state-funded technology maturation programs that leverage research institutions for economic development throughout the United States. The lessons learned and practices identified from previous experiences will inform Sandia National Laboratories' Government Relations and Technology Partnerships teams as they participate in near-term discussions about the proposed Technology Readiness Gross Receipts Tax Credit and Program, and continue to shape longer-term program and partnership opportunities. This Page Intentionally Left Blank

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TYPE SAND Report YEAR 2016
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National High Magnetic Field Laboratory 2016 Annual Research Report: Termination of Two-Dimensional Metallic Conduction near the Metal-Insulator Transition in Si/SiGe Quantum Wells

Pan, Wei; Lu, Tzu M.; Xia, J.S.; Sullivan, N.S.; Huang, S.H.; Chuang, Y.; Li, J.Y.; Liu, C.W.; Tsui, D.C.

The physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) electrons have been a subject of interest for a long time. Yet after many years of research, the ground states of a 2D electron system (2DES) in the presence of disorder and electron-electron interaction, a realistic situation in experiments, remain an open question. Recent observations of a downturn in conductivity at low temperatures in a Si/SiGe quantum well [1], Si-MOSFETs [2,3], and 2D holes in GaAs [4-6] seem to suggest that disorder plays an important role in the so-called 2D metal-insulator transition (MIT) and at T → 0 2DES may eventually become insulating. In this experiment, we focus on the downturn behavior as a function of spin polarization, which is varied by an in-plane magnetic field.

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TYPE Other Report YEAR 2016
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DERlab Report

Johnson, Jay

With the rapidly changing landscape of grid codes and interconnection standards, manufacturers of DER components are under increasing pressure to reliably update and validate the interoperability and performance of their equipment for different regional requirements and grid conditions. To help vendors meet these standards, AIT and Sandia have teamed up and introduced an approach for the rapid, concurrent development of controls and application software through a controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testbed integrated with an automated testing platform.

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TYPE Other Report YEAR 2016
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NMSBA-RS21

Kinnan, Mark; Valerio, Richard A.; Flanagan, Tatiana P.; Shirah, Donald N.

This report gives introductory guidance on the level of effort required to create a data warehouse for mining data. Numerous tutorials have been provided to demonstrate the process of downloading raw data, processing the raw data, and importing the data into a PostgreSQL database. Additional information and tutorial has been provided on setting up a Hadoop cluster for storing vasts amounts of data. This report has been generated as a deliverable for a New Mexico Small Business Assistance (NMSBA) project.

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TYPE SAND Report YEAR 2016
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Biological Select Agents and Toxins: Risk-Based Assessment Management and Oversight

Burnett, Louann C.; Brodsky, Benjamin H.

Sandia National Laboratories' International Biological and Chemical Threat Reduction (SNL/IBCTR) conducted, on behalf of the Federal Select Agent Program (FSAP), a review of risk assessment in modern select agent laboratories. This review and analysis consisted of literature review, interviews of FSAP staff, entities regulated by FSAP, and deliberations of an expert panel. Additionally, SNL/IBCTR reviewed oversight mechanisms used by industries, US agencies, and other countries for high-consequence risks (e.g, nuclear, chemical, or biological materials, aviation, off-shore drilling, etc.) to determine if alternate oversight mechanisms existed that might be applicable to FSAP oversight of biological select agents and toxins. This report contains five findings, based on these reviews and analyses, with recommendations and suggested actions for FSAP to consider.

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TYPE SAND Report YEAR 2016
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Thirteenth International Workshop on Measurement and Computation of Turbulent Flames (TNF2016)

Barlow, R.S.

The TNF Workshop series was initiated in 1996 to address validation of RANS based models for turbulent nonpremixed flames and partially-premixed flames where combustion occurs mainly in a diffusion flame mode. The emphasis has been on fundamental issues of turbulence-chemistry interactions in flames that are relatively simple in terms of both geometry and chemistry. Although the TNF acronym has been retained, the word nonpremixed has been dropped from the title, and our scope has expanded (since TNF9 Montreal, 2008).

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TYPE Other Report YEAR 2016
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Performance, Efficiency, and Effectiveness of Supercomputers

Leland, Robert W.

Our primary purpose here is to offer to the general technical and policy audience a perspective on whether the supercomputing community should focus on improving the efficiency of supercomputing systems and their use rather than on building larger and ostensibly more capable systems that are used at low efficiency. After first summarizing our content and defining some necessary terms, we give a concise answer to this question. We then set this in context by characterizing performance of current supercomputing systems on a variety of benchmark problems and actual problems drawn from workloads in the national security, industrial, and scientific context. We also answer some related questions, identify some important technological trends, and offer a perspective on the significance of these trends. We hope by doing so to better equip the reader to evaluate commentary and controversy concerning supercomputing performance.

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TYPE SAND Report YEAR 2016
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Pentalum SpiDAR Deployment at SWiFT FY17

Westergaard, Carsten; Pol, Suhas; Pereira, Tassia; Castillo, Ricardo

The Texas Tech University ( TTU ) research group is actively studying the wake development of wind turbines, as part of developing innovative wake control strategies to improve the performance of wind farms. Recently, the team received a set of five new gro und lidars to perform field measurements at the Sandia National Laboratories SWiFT site. This document describes tests details including configurations, timeframe, hardware, and the required collaboration from the Sandia team. This test plan will facili tate the coordination between both TTU and the Sandia team in terms of site accessibility, staff training, and data sharing to meet the specific objectives of the tests.

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TYPE SAND Report YEAR 2016
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Results 38401–38600 of 99,299
Results 38401–38600 of 99,299