We describe COLIN, a Common Optimization Library INterface for C++. COLIN provides C++ template classes that define a generic interface for both optimization problems and optimization solvers. COLIN is specifically designed to facilitate the development of hybrid optimizers, for which one optimizer calls another to solve an optimization subproblem. We illustrate the capabilities of COLIN with an example of a memetic genetic programming solver.
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Development of next generation electronics for pulse discharge systems requires miniaturization and integration of high voltage, high value resistors (greater than 100 megohms) with novel substrate materials. These material advances are needed for improved reliability, robustness and performance. In this study, high sheet resistance inks of 1 megohm per square were evaluated to reduce overall electrical system volume. We investigated a deposition process that permits co-sintering of high-sheet-resistance inks with a variety of different material substrates. Our approach combines the direct write process of aerosol jetting with laser sintering and conventional thermal sintering processes. One advantage of aerosol jetting is that high quality, fine line depositions can be achieved on a wide variety of substrates. When combined with laser sintering, the aerosol jetting approach has the capability to deposit resistors at any location on a substrate and to additively trim the resistors to specific values. We have demonstrated a 400 times reduction in overall resistor volume compared to commercial chip resistors using the above process techniques. Resistors that exhibited this volumetric efficiency were fabricated by 850 C thermal processing on alumina substrates and by 0.1W laser sintering on Kapton substrates.
Sandia National Laboratories has developed a mesoscale hopping mobility platform (Hopper) to overcome the longstanding problems of mobility and power in small scale unmanned vehicles. The system provides mobility in situations such as negotiating tall obstacles and rough terrain that are prohibitive for other small ground base vehicles. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Administration (DARPA) provided the funding for the hopper project.
A mine dog evaluation project initiated by the Geneva International Center for Humanitarian Demining is evaluating the capability and reliability of mine detection dogs. The performance of field-operational mine detection dogs will be measured in test minefields in Afghanistan and Bosnia containing actual, but unfused landmines. Repeated performance testing over two years through various seasonal weather conditions will provide data simulating near real world conditions. Soil samples will be obtained adjacent to the buried targets repeatedly over the course of the test. Chemical analysis results from these soil samples will be used to evaluate correlations between mine dog detection performance and seasonal weather conditions. This report documents the analytical chemical methods and results from the third batch of soils received. This batch contained samples from Kharga, Afghanistan collected in October 2002.
We report on the use of a supercomputer simulation to study the performance sensitivity to systematic changes in the job parameters of run time, number of CPUs, and interarrival time. We also examine the effect of changes in share allocation and service ratio for job prioritization under a Fair Share queuing Algorithm to see the effect on facility figures of merit. We used log data from the ASCI supercomputer Blue Mountain and the ASCI simulator BIRMinator to perform this study. The key finding is that the performance of the supercomputer is quite sensitive to all the job parameters with the interarrival rate of the jobs being most sensitive at the highest rates and increasing run times the least sensitive job parameter with respect to utilization and rapid turnaround. We also find that this facility is running near its maximum practical utilization. Finally, we show the importance of the use of simulation in understanding the performance sensitivity of a supercomputer.
Proposed for publication in International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2003; 1:1-21.
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Proposed for publication in SIAM Journal of Numerical Analysis.
Standard weak solutions to the Poisson problem on a bounded domain have square-integrable derivatives, which limits the admissible regularity of inhomogeneous data. The concept of solution may be further weakened in order to define solutions when data is rough, such as for inhomogeneous Dirichlet data that is only square-integrable over the boundary. Such very weak solutions satisfy a nonstandard variational form (u, v) = G(v). A Galerkin approximation combined with an approximation of the right-hand side G defines a finite-element approximation of the very weak solution. Applying conforming linear elements leads to a discrete solution equivalent to the text-book finite-element solution to the Poisson problem in which the boundary data is approximated by L{sub 2}-projections. The L{sub 2} convergence rate of the discrete solution is O(h{sub s}) for some s {element_of} (0,1/2) that depends on the shape of the domain, asserting a polygonal (two-dimensional) or polyhedral (three-dimensional) domain without slits and (only) square-integrable boundary data.
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Proposed for publication in IEEE Review.
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Proposed for publication in the Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 93, No. 3.
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Proposed for publication in Nature.
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Proposed for publication in the Journal of Applied Physics.
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Proposed for publication in ITE Letters on Batteries, New Technologies and Medicine.
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Proposed for publication in International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids.
Proposed for publication in Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation Journal.
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Proposed for publication in Journal Chem. Info. Compt. Sci. & Journal Molec. Graphics & Modeling.
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Proposed for publication in Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 36 (2003).
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Proposed for publication in Langmuir.
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Proposed for publication in Optics Letters.
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Proposed for publication in Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics.
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Proposed for publication in the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.
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Proposed for publication in Applied Physics Letters.
A three-dimensional tungsten photonic crystal is experimentally realized with a complete photonic band gap at wavelengths {lambda} {ge} 3 {micro}m. At an effective temperature of <T> {approx} 1535 K, the photonic crystal exhibits a sharp emission at {approx}1.5 {micro}m and is promising for thermal photovoltaic (TPV) power generation. Based on the spectral radiance, a proper length scaling and a planar TPV model calculation, an optical-to-electric conversion efficiency of {approx}34% and electrical power of {approx}14 W/cm{sup 2} is theoretically possible.
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Proposed for publication in Physical Review E.
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Proposed for publication in Journal of Fire and Materials.
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Proposed for publication in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.
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Hadamard Transform Spectrometer (HTS) approaches share the multiplexing advantages found in Fourier transform spectrometers. Interest in Hadamard systems has been limited due to data storage/computational limitations and the inability to perform accurate high order masking in a reasonable amount of time. Advances in digital micro-mirror array (DMA) technology have opened the door to implementing an HTS for a variety of applications including fluorescent microscope imaging and Raman imaging. A Hadamard transform spectral imager (HTSI) for remote sensing offers a variety of unique capabilities in one package such as variable spectral and temporal resolution, no moving parts (other than the micro-mirrors) and vibration tolerance. Two approaches to for 2D HTS systems have been investigated in this LDRD. The first approach involves dispersing the incident light, encoding the dispersed light then recombining the light. This method is referred to as spectral encoding. The other method encodes the incident light then disperses the encoded light. The second technique is called spatial encoding. After creating optical designs for both methods the spatial encoding method was selected as the method that would be implemented because the optical design was less costly to implement.