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Validation of the SCEPTRE Boltzmann-CSD Solver

Drumm, Clifton R.; Fan, Wesley C.

A new Boltzmann-CSD solver has been developed within the SCEPTRE radiation-transport code, based on the 1st-order form of the transport equation, using discontinuous finite elements in space and energy and discrete ordinates in angle. The Boltzmann-CSD solver has been validated against experimental data for electron energy deposition distributions and for electron emission spectra. Comparison of the calculated results with experimental data shows excellent agreement for many of the test configurations and reasonable agreement for other test configurations. The tests have also been modeled with the ITS Monte Carlo code, which also shows excellent to reasonable agreement with the SCEPTRE results and experimental data. The SCEPTRE Boltzmann-CSD solver relies on electron cross sections generated by the legacy CEPXS code, which currently is limited to electron-only Boltzmann-CSD cross sections. Performing full electron-photon radiation transport with the Boltzmann-CSD solver will require further development in the cross section generating code. For the energy- deposition calculations, neglecting photon transport results in at most about 5% overprediction of the energy deposition for high-energy electrons on high-Z targets, and relatively insignificant difference for the other test configurations.

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TYPE SAND Report YEAR 2021
DOIOSTI

Empirical Model of Puncture Energy for Metals

Albelo-Cortes, Josean; Alqawasmi, Laith; Jacobowitz, J.; Hubbard, Neal B.

The purpose of this work is to fit a previously developed empirical equation for puncture energy to simulation data. The conservative puncture energy equation could be used to expedite the process of performing calculations in the development of safety measures, avoiding the need to create complex finite element models for specific puncture scenarios. A total of 108 simulations are developed by varying coupon thickness, coupon material, probe shape, and probe diameter. The simulations are comprised of a low-velocity probe puncturing the coupons, from which the probe kinetic energy change is calculated. The empirical equation is fit to the dimensions, material properties, and energy results using a non-linear least-squares regression method within Python, which determines the two constant parameters for each fit. More statistically significant fit results are achieved by separating the data by probe shape and coupon material.

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TYPE SAND Report YEAR 2021
DOIDOIOSTIOSTI

Comparison of Tempered and Truncated Fractional Models

Olson, Hayley

Tempered fractional operators are able to model effects that classical partial differential equations cannot quite capture. For example, this includes the super- and subdiffusion effects that are present in hydrology and geophysics models. However, tempered fractional operators are computationally intensive. We analyze a truncated variation of the fractional operators, which are less computationally intensive, in an effort to use them in place of the more complex tempered variation. In particular, we train parameters of the truncated operator using neural networks in order to optimize the difference of the actions of the two operators.

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TYPE Other Report YEAR 2021
DOIOSTI

Review of Release Behavior of Hydrogen & Natural Gas Blends from Pipelines

Baird, Austin R.; Glover, Austin M.; Ehrhart, Brian D.

Hydrogen can be used to reduce carbon emissions by blending into other gaseous energy carriers, such as natural gas. However, hydrogen blending into natural gas has important implications for safety which need to be evaluated. Hydrogen has different physical properties than natural gas, and these properties affect safety evaluations concerning a leak of the blended gas. The intent of this report is to begin to investigate the safety implications of blending hydrogen into the natural gas infrastructure with respect to a leak event from a pipeline. A literature review was conducted to identify existing data that will better inform future hazard and risk assessments for hydrogen/natural gas blends. Metrics with safety implications such as heat flux and dispersion behavior may be affected by the overall blend ratio of the mixture. Of the literature reviewed, there was no directly observed separation of the hydrogen from the natural gas or methane blend. No literature was identified that experimentally examined unconfined releases such as concentration fields or concentration at specific distances. Computational efforts have predicted concentration fields by modified versions of existing engineering models, but the validation of these models is limited by the unavailability of literature data. There are multiple literature sources that measured flame lengths and heat flux values, which are both relevant metrics to risk and hazard assessments. These data can be more directly compared to the outputs of existing engineering models for validation.

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TYPE SAND Report YEAR 2021
DOIDOIOSTIOSTI

Thermodynamically consistent semi-compressible fluids: A variational perspective

Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical

Eldred, Christopher; Gay-Balmaz, Francois

This paper presents (Lagrangian) variational formulations for single and multicomponent semi-compressible fluids with both reversible (entropy-conserving) and irreversible (entropy-generating) processes. Semi-compressible fluids are useful in describing low-Mach dynamics, since they are soundproof. These models find wide use in many areas of fluid dynamics, including both geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics. Specifically, the Boussinesq, anelastic and pseudoincompressible equations are developed through a unified treatment valid for arbitrary Riemannian manifolds, thermodynamic potentials and geopotentials. By design, these formulations obey the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics, ensuring their thermodynamic consistency. This general approach extends and unifies existing work, and helps clarify the thermodynamics of semi-compressible fluids. To further this goal, evolution equations are presented for a wide range of thermodynamicvariables: entropy density s, specific entropy η, buoyancy b, temperature T, potential temperature O and a generic entropic variable Χ; along with a general definition of buoyancy valid for all three semicompressible models and arbitrary geopotentials. Finally, the elliptic equation for the pressure perturbation (the Lagrange multiplier that enforces semicompressibility) is developed for all three equation sets in the case of reversible dynamics, and for the Boussinesq/anelastic equations in the case of irreversible dynamics; and some discussion is given of the difficulty in formulating it for the pseudoincompressible equations with irreversible dynamics.

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TYPE Journal Article YEAR 2021
DOIOSTIScopus
Results 12601–12650 of 100,993
Results 12601–12650 of 100,993
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