Publications

We have recently developed a new theoretical approach to the study of polymer liquids. The theory is based on the reference interaction site model'' (RISM theory) of Chandler and Andersen, which has been successful in describing the structure of small molecule liquids. We have recently extended our polymer RISM theory to the case of polymer blends. In the present investigation we have applied this theory to two special binary blends: (1) the athermal mixture where we isolate structural effects, and (2) the isotopic mixture in which structurally identical polymer chains interact with dissimilar attractive interactions. By studying these two special cases we are able to obtain insights into the molecular factors which control the miscibility in polymer mixtures. 18 refs., 2 figs.

A refrigerated Dewar has been used successfully with the Josephson array voltage calibration system. It has been used to re-liquefy helium with no degradation of the calibration system's performance. The independence of the array voltage from temperature has been confirmed to three parts in 10{sup 8} per Kelvin using this Dewar. 6 refs., 3 figs.

In summary, through thermal/structural calculations and detailed comparisons of the results of a large scale, in situ heated experiment at the WIPP facility, it should be possible to validate the temperature dependence of room deformation. The experiment, when used in conjunction with an identical experimental room which was unheated, is very specific to only the thermal portions of the calculational model. 4 refs., 6 figs.

A nuclear waste management system presents a challenge to organize a development program that can effectively achieve the goal of providing timely solutions to the problem of nuclear waste management. A few distinguishing factors can serve to aid the establishment of an effective program.

A new technique for tunnel detection and location has recently been theoretically modeled and experimentally demonstrated. The objective of this research is to develop a general method for remotely detecting the presence of unauthorized tunneling activities using one or more boreholes and a surface source. A line current or dipole-dipole array, positioned on or near the surface of the earth, is used as the TE current source. Subsurface electric and magnetic field measurements are made in a borehole that is situated near a suspected tunnel location. The presence of a tunnel causes subsurface scattering of the field components created by the source. Both the electric and magnetic field strength and phase data is perturbed by the presence of a nearby tunnel. The scattered fields are observed on both sides of the tunnel relative to the source position. 1 fig.

This talk was given at the 14th International Pyrotechnic Seminar on September 21, 1989, in Jersey, United Kingdom, as one of two plenary lectures. It briefly surveys the current technology of pyrotechnic devices and examines trends for the future. The pyrotechnic'' can have several meanings. In this talk, pyrotechnic devices'' are devices in which porous materials undergo reduction-oxidation reactions and produce useful products. The pyrotechnic materials are generally fuel-oxidizer systems without binders, in contrast to primary or secondary explosives or propellants. The word pyrotechnic'' is often used to include explosive, squib, propellant, or other ordnance type devices, especially in the European community. The major need for pyrotechnic devices has always been military and defense; however, as technology advances, the civilian uses of pyrotechnics will continue to grow. If every automobile had a pyrotechnic device to trigger its air or crash bag, that application alone would mean millions of devices per year. Applications in safety, fire fighting, law enforcement, and other commercial applications are likely to increase due to the increased capability of pyrotechnic devices and the integration of such devices in system designs. 2 refs., 56 figs.

Computed torque algorithms are used to compensate for the changing dynamics of robot manipulators in order to ensure that a constant level of damping is maintained for all configurations. Unfortunately, there are three significant problems with existing computed torque algorithms. First, they are nonpassive and can lead to unstable behavior; second, they make inefficient use of actuator capability; and third, they cannot be used to maintain a constant end-effector stiffness for force control tasks. Recently, we introduced a new control algorithm for robots which, like computed torque, uses a model of the manipulator's dynamics to maintain a constant level of damping in the system, but does so passively. This new class of passive control algorithms has guaranteed stability properties, utilizes actuators more effectively, and can also be used to maintain constant end-effector stiffness. In this paper, this approach is described in detail, implementation issues are discussed, and simulation results are given. 15 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

We have performed nanosecond-resolution measurements of the lateral electrical resistivity of thin metal films on insulating substrates. Comparison of transient resistivity measurements with optical reflectivity measurements and heat-flow calculations permits the determination of the position and velocity of a planar crystal/melt in interface, and an estimate of undercooling during pulsed laser melting of metals. We report detailed results for rapid solidification of Ni, including the observation of hypercooling of liquid Ni. 14 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

Spent pressurized-water reactor (PWR) and boiling-water reactor (BWR) fuel rods from three reactors were examined by hot cell periscope, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and scanning electron micrography. In the case of fuel from the Quad Cities reactor, it was possible to develop a complete particle size distribution. It was found to be log-normal, with a median geometric diameter of 3 {mu}m and a standard deviation of 1.87 {mu}m. 5 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) performs software security analyses of many systems having strong security requirements. This paper gives an overview of a software security analysis methodology that has evolved at SNL. This methodology is based on experience gained in the analysis of critical software-controlled systems. The paper describes analysis activities and how they relate to the traditional software life cycle. Topics discussed include: planning for the analysis; supporting the development and documentation of security requirements; identifying and analyzing the threat; acquiring and utilizing software design and implementation materials; identifying positive design features; scaling the analysis effort to the threat; analyzing the high-level design; analyzing the source-code and target implementations; reporting results; interacting with system and component development groups; and supporting the authentication of the software product before it is fielded. The paper also stresses the importance of independence of analysis and development groups.

E-beam excitation of the atomic xenon laser is theoretically and experimentally investigated using short-pulse high-power deposition (>MW/cm{sup 3}-atm) and low-power high-energy loading ({le}1 kJ/{ell}-atm). Scaling laws are derived to maximize laser power and energy efficiency. 4 refs.

An adaptive, swing-free trajetory planner for a gantry robot has been analytically developed and experimentally implemented on a commercial robot. A batch, nonlinear least square estimator (differential correction) is used to predict the initial conditions, mass, and frequency of the simply suspended object from a set of force sensor measurements. These parameters, in turn, are supplied to the swing-free trajectory planner to perform the maneuver. These algorithms have been implemented on a CIMCORP XR6100 gantry robot, and swing-free trajectories have been performed by the robot using the adaptive trajectory planner.

Angularly accelerating a cantilevered rod which sags under gravity couples the out-of-plane dynamics of the flexible rod and causes oscillation in both the horizontal and vertical planes. A parameter-scheduled trajectory planner has been analytically developed and experimentally implemented on a commercial robot to suppress the first mode of these vibrations during a horizontal angular move. A load was attached to the tip of the rod and the resulting static, out-of-plane, hub torque was measured with a force-torque sensor. This torque was used to predict the period of the horizontal first mode of vibration of the payload (rod and attached load) from a nonlinear function in order to calculate (schedule) the appropriate control parameters for the angular move. This system has been implemented on a Cincinnati Milacron T3-786 robot, and vibration suppressed trajectories (which reduce the coupled residual vibrations by over 90%) have been performed by the robot for various payloads. 9 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

Accurate motion control of wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) is required for their application to autonomous, semi-autonomous and teleoperated tasks. The similarities between WMRs and stationary manipulators suggest that current, successful, model-based manipulator control algorithms may be applied to WMRs. Special characteristics of WMRs including higher-pairs, closed-chains, friction and unactuated and unsensed joints require innovative modeling methodologies. The WMR modeling challenge has been recently overcome, thus enabling the application of manipulator control algorithms to WMRs. This realization lays the foundation for significant technology transfer from manipulator control to WMR control. We apply two Cartesian-space manipulator control algorithms: resolved motion rate (kinematics-based) and resolved acceleration (dynamics-based) control to WMR servo-control. We evaluate simulation studies of two exemplary WMRs: Uranus (a three degree-of-freedom WMR constructed at Carnegie Mellon University), and Bicsun-Bicas (a two degree-of-freedom WMR being constructed at Sandia National Laboratories) under the control of these algorithms. Although resolved motion rate servo-control is adequate for the control of Uranus, resolved acceleration servo-control is required for the control of the mechanically simpler Bicsun-Bicas because it exhibits more dynamic coupling and nonlinearities. Successful accurate motion control of these WMRs in simulation is driving current experimental research studies. 18 refs., 7 figs., 5 tabs.

Detailed models and analytical procedures are applied to the many complex aspects of spent fuel in transport including characterization of the fuel's irradiation conditions and initial states at the time of shipment, determination of the dynamic forces on the fuel assemblies that result from regulatory transportation accidents, modeling and analysis of the fuel's mechanical response to these forces, and estimation of the releasable radioactivity in the event of cladding breach. The methodology adopts a combined deterministic/probabilistic analysis approach in which each aspect of the problem is appropriately treated on the basis of its level of determinability. The results are obtained in the form of failure probabilities for each regulatory event considered. 3 refs., 6 figs.

An accepted technique for simulating pyrotechnic shock inputs has been the resonant plate test. The plate is designed so that its predominant modes generate the desired frequency content of a given shock test specification. The success of the test is dependent on the engineer's ability to effectively design and control the response of the resonant plate. In designing a test to simulated a pyrotechnic environment, the location and mass of the test item become very important considerations since they have a profound impact on the dynamic response of the resonant plate. A relatively massive test item can change the plates's resonant frequency. Differences in the relative frequencies of the test item's fixture and the resonant plate may also effect the input to the test items. In this study, a simple mock test assembly is used to study test item and resonant plate interactions during a test. The implications of this interaction regarding the deviations of the shock test specification are also discussed. Data from shock tests performed with the test assembly mounted to a rigid mounting surface and a flexible resonant plate are compared. Frequency response functions and shock response spectra are generated from the test data and compared to show the significance of: (1) the relative stiffness of the mounting surface; and (2) the location of the input control point during a resonant plate test. These factors are shown to be particularly important in using resonant plate testing to simulate pyrotechnic shock environments. 5 refs., 7 figs.

In the early 1980s, the US Department of Energy/Defense Programs (DOE/DP) initiated a project to develop a safe and efficient transportation system for defense high-level waste (DHLW). Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) provides a technical oversight and test support and General Atomics provides the design and safety analysis of the shipping system. The specific activities include designing, testing, certifying and fabricating a legal-weight truck cask system for DHLW canisters that are expected to be first produced by the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Plant (SRP) in South Carolina and later produced by facilities in Washington and Idaho. A truck cask was selected in order to provide a flexible capability for transporting vitrified waste to support a variety of expected experimental program needs. The first planned shipping campaign was to transport a limited number of DHLW canisters from South Carolina to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. However, changes in experimental program plans the passage of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act in late 1982, and the subsequent decision to have DHLW permanently placed in the eventual civilian repository resulted in revisions to the mission of the cask development program funded by DOE/DP. 15 refs.

This reference consists of a video cassette demonstration of the Fire Ant. This video is 5 minutes in duration and effectively demonstrates the usefulness of the remote controlled Fire Ant.

The GTA weldability and fracture behavior of low and high carbon arc cast and powder metallurgy molybdenum has been examined. Defect-free welds were produced in the arc cast grades. For the PM grade, however, severe centerline cracking and large scale porosity were encountered. The center-line cracking and pore formation were found to result from the dissolution of oxygen-bearing inclusions present in the starting material. Moreover, titanium or hafnium additions, incorporated into the weld by RF sputter coating the joints prior to welding, had several beneficial effects. These were reductions in the centerline cracking and pore formation in the PM welds, hardening of the weld fusion zone, and a reduction in the tendency for intergranular failure in the fusion zone for all base materials. The mechanisms by which dopant additions improve the welding and fracture behavior is also discussed. 22 refs., 16 figs., 2 tabs.

TORE SUPRA is a fairly large tokamak and has an original goal to withstand a large power removal (25 MW) during a 30 seconds long pulse. One of the main energy removal system's is the inner first wall which was originally designed for the following aims: protect the inner side of the vacuum vessel from normal plasma operation (participates to the plasma power removal) and against disruptive events (plasma energy quench and current decay); act as a toroidal belt limiter during steady state operation and plasma start up; and protect the vacuum vessel from the shine through of the neutral beam injectors and act as a beam dump for short shots. In order to match those different goals the design choice was oriented towards an actively cooled graphite wall capable to sustain an 1 MW/m/sup 2/ continuous heat flux. This paper discusses this design concept further.

Measurements of arc and melting efficiencies have been made for pulsed and continuous mode Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Plasma Arc Welding (PAW) processes. Welds were made on 2.5 mm total thickness pure Ni and 304 Stainless Steel in a standing edge weld geometry at constant nominal machine output settings which varied average current with travel speed. Under continuous current conditions, the measured heat input remained approximately constant for the conditions examined (250-1250 mm/min), while melting efficiency increased dramatically (0-/approximately/0.4). Arc efficiencies were relatively constant, remaining in the range of /approximately/0.75-0.85 for GTAW and somewhat less for PAW. Values of melting efficiency for Ni were slightly less than those for 304 when compared at similar travel speeds, though both tended toward the same limit (/approximately/0.4). The PAW results were not appreciably higher than the GTAW. In addition to melting efficiency the centerline depth of penetration was also measured. In contrast to the GTAW results, which increased with speed at lower travel speeds and then plateaued at 0.8 mm, the PAW results increased monotonically with speed to a maximum of 1.0 mm. In conclusion, calorimetric measurements of nonconsumable arc welding processes have been found helpful in understanding conditions under which efficient arc welds with minimal heat inputs for a desired weld penetration can be made. 10 figs.

The clean rooms in the new Radiation Hardened Integrated Circuit (RHIC-II) Facility have become operational. Design philosophy and information on the air handling system, initial data on particulate contamination levels in clean bays, service chases and the make up air system will be presented. Data on power consumption, particulate levels before and after the HEPA filters and sound levels with air velocities from 95 to 57 feet per minute will be reported. 2 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.

In experimental fusion energy devices such as tokamaks, pump limiters are used to define the plasma edge as well as control the plasma density and impurity. Since these devices must operate at the edge of the plasma, they are subject to high heat flux incidence from the plasma side. In this paper, one of the active heat removal schemes considered for the outboard pump limiter of Tore Supra, a tokamak under construction in Cadarache, France, is analyzed in some detail. The scheme involves cooling by forced convective nucleate boiling of water at the limiter leading edges and by forced convection of high pressure helium at its front face. 14 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.

This report discusses the projects and device support for the following thermonuclear reactors: Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, Compact Ignition Tokamak, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, Joint European Torus, Textor, Tore-Supra, DIII-D, and ASDEX and ASDEX Upgrade. This paper also discusses High-Heat Flux Materials and Components and Plasma Surface Interactions Research.

This report is a table listing spare parts for the B83-0 type 3C. An explanation for information in each column is given. This issue supersedes Issue F, dated March 22, 1985.

The point of this work is to create a tool for thorough analysis of the eigenspectrum of the linearized finite element equations for buoyancy driven flow.

The Waste Isolation Pilot (WIPP) reference stratigraphy contains layers of both anhydrite and polyhalite which mush be included in models used to compute the response of WIPP rooms and drifts. These layers have usually been modeled as elastic materials due to the ease in implementing elastic models.

This report is published by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the DOE Solar Thermal Technology Division to provide an account of work sponsored by the Division and to aid the community of people interested in solar thermal technology in gaining access to technical information. Contents include articles entitled the following: Solar system supplies thermal energy for producing chemicals at USS plant; Solar thermal power module designed for small community market; Roof-mounted trough system supplies process heat for Caterpillar plant; Solar thermal update -- 10 MW(e) pilot plant and 3-MW(t) total energy system; Solar steam processes crude oil; New York investigates solar ponds as a source of thermal energy; On-farm solar -- Finding new uses for the sun; and Topical index of solar thermal report articles.

Reservoir designs consist of two primary features including the stem(s) and the body segment. The stem is either an integral part of the reservoir or is joined at some point in the fabrication sequence. The current interest is in high strength stems for advanced reservoir designs. The processing necessary to achieve these strength levels may result in heavily cold worked microstructures which may not interface well with the stem requirements. For instance, cold worked 316 plate stock has shown decreased hydrogen compatibility when contrasted to the annealed version in laboratory tests. More recently, Precision Forge produced a 100 ksi yield strength, 304L stem forging with a heavily deformed microstructure which also may show decreased compatibility in hydrogen. The proposed forging contract will evaluate the influence of forging parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304L and 316 stem forgings. A summary of the data available on 304L stem forgings is shown graphically. The yield strength values are shown for each set of forging parameters. Tensile tests and microstructural examination will be conducted to complete the information for 304L and create a similar graph for 316 stem forgings.

Basic concepts for using the energy of the sun have been known for centuries. The challenge today, the goal of the Department of Energy`s National Solar Energy Program is to create the technology needed to establish solar energy as a practical, economical alternative to energy produced by depletable fuels--and to use that solar-produced energy in a wide variety of applications. To assist the DOE in this national effort, Sandia sponsors industrial and university research and development, manages a series of technical programs, operates solar experimental facilities, and carries out its own scientific and engineering research. This booklet describes their projects, their technical objectives, and explains how their experimental facilities are used to find the answers we`re seeking. Prospective participants from companies involved in solar-energy development or applications should find it especially useful since it outlines broad areas of opportunity. Projects include: central receiver technology; line-focus thermal technology; photovoltaic systems technology; wind turbine development; energy storage technology; and applied research in improved polycrystalline materials for solar cells and photoelectrolysis of water.

The goal of the MISR project is to assist industry in developing viable Solar Energy Systems which have high reliability and low cost because they do not require custom engineering and installation for each industrial site. The collector field, piping and steam generation equipment are pre-engineered to be suitable for a wide range of industrial steam applications. The approach of the MISR project is twofold: to develop line-focus industrial solar thermal energy systems which, like conventional packaged steam boilers, are based on the modular concept; and to install and operate a number (10 or less) of these systems at existing industrial plants, supplementing steam produced by conventional boilers. The project is briefly described.

The MISR project has two goals. One is to assist industry in developing viable Solar Energy Systems which have high reliability and low cost because they do not require tailored engineering and installation for each industrial site. The collector field, piping and steam generation equipment are pre-engineered to be suitable for a wide range of industrial steam applications. This is the Modular Concept. The second goal is to fabricate, install, and test qualification test systems (representative of full-size MISR designs in all but the size of the collector field) to determine design quality, fabrication and installation correctness, and system cost. This activity allows the designers to produce the first MISR system, experimentally verify its operation and performance before committing to large scale solar installations, thereby avoiding the risks associated with the first system. It provides the potential industrial user with information upon which to base solar energy decisions. Five separate system designs are being developed under the MISR project. Four of the designs are being tested at Sandia National Laboratories at Albuquerque, New Mexico and one is being tested at the Solar energy Research Institute in Golden, Colorado.

There has been a long standing need to develop a second source of WR quality forgings for the manufacturing of J-line hardware at RF. With this objective, Ontario Forge Company was recently evaluated to determine if their equipment and skills were compatible with the forging requirements. The results of this evaluation were compared to test results on WR forgings of a similar design produced by Precision Forge Company. The Ontario Forge Company forgings exhibited mechanical properties, grain flow and microstructures equivalent to those of Precision Forge Company. The Ontario Forge Company performance on this contract justifies the qualification of their process for producing non-critical reservoir forgings. Qualifying Ontario Forge Company for critical reservoir forgings is recommended only after sufficient production experience and storage data is acquired.

The goal of the GeoEnergy Technology Program is to improve the understanding and efficiency of energy extraction and conversion from geologic resources, hence maintaining domestic production capability of fossil energy resources and expanding the usage of geothermal energy. The GeoEnergy Technology Program conducts projects for the Department of Energy in four resource areas--coal, oil and gas, synthetic fuels and geothermal energy. These projects, which are conducted collaboratively with private industry and DOE`s Energy Technology Centers, draw heavily on expertise derived from the nuclear weapons engineering capabilities of Sandia. The primary technologies utilized in the program are instrumentation development and application, geotechnical engineering, drilling and well completions, and chemical and physical process research. Studies in all four resource areas are described.

Today, in keeping with Sandia Laboratories` designation by the Department of Energy as the lead laboratory for the pulsed power approach to fusion, its efforts include major research activities and the construction of new facilities at its Albuquerque site. Additionally, in its capacity as lead laboratory, Sandia coordinates DOE-supported pulsed power fusion work at other government operated laboratories, with industrial contractors, and universities. The beginning of Sandia`s involvement in developing fusion power was an outgrowth of its contributions to the nation`s nuclear weapon program. The Laboratories` work in the early 1960`s emphasized the use of pulsed radiation environments to test the resistance of US nuclear weapons to enemy nuclear bursts. A careful study of options for fusion power indicated that Sandia`s expertise in the pulsed power field could provide a powerful match to ignite fusion fuel. Although creating test environments is an achieved goal of Sandia`s overall program, this work and other military tasks protected by appropriate security regulations will continue, making full use of the same pulsed power technology and accelerators as the fusion-for-energy program. Major goals of Sandia`s fusion program including the following: (1) complete a particle accelerator to deliver sufficient beam energy for igniting fusion targets; (2) obtain net energy gain, this goal would provide fusion energy output in excess of energy stored in the accelerator; (3) develop a technology base for the repetitive ignition of pellets in a power reactor. After accomplishing these goals, the technology will be introduced to the nation`s commercial sector.

The TIGER (Terminal guided and Extended-Range) Program was initiated in 1972 to study improved delivery capabilities for stockpiled tactical nuclear bombs. The Southeast Asia conflict fostered the development of air-delivered standoff conventional weapons utilizing terminal guidance systems. SNL initiated the TIGER program to determine if current nuclear bombs could be provided with a similarly accurate standoff capabilities. These conventional weapon delivery techniques, while allowing highly accurate attack, generally require entering the target area at high altitude to establish line of sight to the target. In parallel with the TIGER program, system studies analyzed this concept and showed marked improvement in aircraft and weapon survivability with moderate standoff (10--20 km) if low level deliveries (60 m) could be accomplished. As a result of this work, the TIGER program was redirected in early 1974 to demonstrate a standoff bomb with good accuracy (90 m CEP) when delivered from low flying aircraft. This program redirection resulted in the selection of an inertial guidance system to replace the earlier terminal guidance systems. This program was called the Extended-Range Bomb (ERB). In May 1974, a joint Air Force/DOE study identified the desirability of having a single tactical weapon which could be employed against either fixed, preselected targets, or mobile battlefield targets. Studies conducted on the ERB system showed that the inertially guided weapon could fly not only the standoff mission but also a return-to-target mission against the mobile battlefield targets whose locations are not known accurately enough to use a standoff delivery. The ERB program evolved from these initial investigations into an exploratory program to develop the hardware and demonstrate the technology required to fly standoff and return-to-target trajectories. The application of this technology in the form of field retrofit kits to the B61 bomb is called TIGER II.

Sandia research in inertial-confinement fusion (ICF) is based on pulse-power capabilities that grew out of earlier developments of intense relativistic electron-beam (e-beam) radiation sources for weapon effects studies. ICF involves irradiating a deuterium-tritium pellet with either laser light or particle beams until the center of the pellet is compressed and heated to the point of nuclear fusion. This publication focuses on the use of particle beams to achieve fusion, and on the various facilities that are used in support of the particle-beam fusion (PBF) program.

Solar central receiver technology is developing steadily with a promise of becoming a real commercial alternative for energy generation in the late 1980s. Significant potential markets have been identified, research and development of important components is proceeding well, and the first full-system verification experiment at Barstow, California, is under construction. However, much work still lies ahead. A big step toward the realization of large-scale commercial use of solar energy was taken when the Department of Energy (DOE) issued a solicitation in March 1979 for utility repowering/industrial retrofit system conceptual design studies employing solar central receivers. Twenty-two responses were evaluated, and twelve were selected for funding. The results of the twelve studies, plus one study completed earlier and one privately funded, are sufficiently encouraging to warrant proceeding to the next stage of the program: cost-shared projects chosen through open competition. Eight of he fourteen studies are for electric utility repowering of existing oil or natural gas generating plants. The other six are the first site-specific studies of the use of solar central receiver systems for industrial process heat. The industrial processes include gypsum board drying, oil refining, enhanced oil recovery, uranium ore processing, natural gas processing, and ammonia production. Site descriptions, project summaries, conceptual designs, and functional descriptions are given for each of these 14 studies.

This brochure is designed as a basic source of information for prospective users of Sandia Laboratories Radiation Facilities. It contains a brief description of the various major radiation sources, a summary of their output characteristics, and additional information useful to experimenters. Radiation source development and source upgrading is an ongoing program, with new source configurations and modes of operation continually being devised to satisfy the ever-changing radiation requirements of the users. For most cases, the information presented here should allow a potential user to assess the applicability of a particular radiation facility to a proposed experiment and to permit some preirradiation calculations and planning.

Sandia`s Particle Beam Fusion Program is investigating several driver options, based on pulsed power technology, with the goal of demonstrating a practical ignitor for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Reactors. The interrelated aspects of power conditioning and compression, beam-target interaction, and target ignition are being studied. The issues of efficiency, reliability and multiple pulse capability are being integrated into the program to provide a viable approach to an experimental power reactor. On a shorter time scale the authors expect to derive important military-related benefits from attendant research and facility development. The two most important advantages of pulsed power driven fusion are the inherent low cost and high efficiency of high current particle accelerators. However, comparison of the relative merits of particle beams and focused laser beams must include many other factors such as beam transport, and target coupling, as well as target design and fabrication. These issues are being investigated to determine if the perceived practical benefits of particle beam fusion can indeed be realized. The practical considerations are exemplified in a comparison of the leading ICF drivers. The plan being followed by Sandia involves using the Electron Beam Fusion Accelerator (EBFA) to meet three objectives by 1985: significant burn using EBFA 1, net energy gain based on an upgrade of EBFA to the 2 megajoule (MJ) level (EBFA 2), and demonstration of a single module of EBFA 2 operated in the repetitive pulse mode. These goals are dependent, of course, on success in solving several key technical problems under investigation. If these technical problems can be solved, then practical applications to fusion power could be considered. The potential for these applications has been studied using economic models that allow one to derive the cost of power based on various assumptions.

An exploratory development contract was undertaken on December 23, 1977 which had as its purpose the development and demonstration of a flexible armored blanket design suitable for providing ballistic protection to nuclear weapons during shipment. Objectives were to design and fabricate a prototype blanket which will conform to the weapon shape, is troop-handleable in the field, and which, singly or in multiple layers, can defeat a range of kinetic energy armor piercing (AP) ammunition potentially capable of damaging the critical portion of the nuclear weapon. Following empirical testing, including the firing of threat ammunition under controlled laboratory and field test conditions, materials were selected and assembled into two blanket designs, each weighing approximately 54 kg/m{sup 2} (11 lbs/ft{sup 2}) and estimated to cost from $111 to $180 per ft{sup 2} in production. A firing demonstration to evidence blanket performance against terrorist/light infantry weapons, heavy infantry weapons, and aircraft cannon was conducted for representatives of the DOD and interested Sandia employees on April 12, 1978. The blankets performed better than anticipated defeating bullets up to 7.62 mm x 51 mm AP with one layer and projectiles up to 23 mm HEI with two layers. Based on these preliminary tests it is recommended that development work be continued with the following objectives: (1) the selection by the DOD of priority applications, (2) the specific design and fabrication of sufficient quantities of armored blankets for field testing, (3) the evaluation of the blankets by DOD operational units, with reports to Sandia Laboratories to enable final design.

This brochure is designed as a basic source of information for prospective users of Sandia Laboratories Radiation Facilities. It contains a brief description of the various major radiation sources, a summary of their output characteristics, and additional information useful to experimenters. Radiation source development and source upgrading is an ongoing program, with new source configurations and modes of operation continually being devised to satisfy the ever-changing radiation requirements of the users. For most cases, the information here should allow a potential user to assess the applicability of a particular radiation facility to a proposed experiment and to permit some preirradiation calculations and planning.

The Mobil-nCUBE-Sandia CRADA No. 1140 was aimed at developing the tools and capabilities to model fluid phase behavior and flow in pores--ultimately leading to a better understanding of these phenomena. In this CRADA close-out report the collaboration`s original goals are revisited, the course of the CRADA is traced, and the technical accomplishments of the CRADA are presented.

This report summarizes research on the aging of Class I components in environments representative of nuclear power plants. It discusses Class IE equipment used in nuclear power plants, typical environments encountered by Class IE components, and aging techniques used to qualify this equipment. General discussions of radiation chemistry of polymers and accelerated aging techniques are also included. Based on the inadequacies of present aging techniques for Class IE equipment, a proposal for an experimental program on electrical cables is presented. One of the main purposes of the proposed work is to obtain relevant data in two areas of particular concern--the effect of radiation dose rate on polymer degradation, and the importance of synergism for combined thermal and radiation environments. A new model that allows combined environment accelerated aging to be carried out is introduced, and it is shown how the experimental data to be generated can be used to test this model.

This report consists of one engineering drawing of a door assembly suitable for a vault. Notes on the drawing give instructions for lubrication, installation of a combination lock, adjustment of the locking pin, and bonding and item to the combination lock.

The microelectronics capability at Sandia Laboratories spans the complete range of component activity from initial design to final assembly into subsystems and systems. Highly reliable, radiation-tolerant devices and integrated circuits can be designed, fabricated, and incorporated into printed circuit assemblies or into thick- or thin-film hybrid microcircuits. Sandia has an experienced staff, exceptional facilities and aggressive on-going programs in all these areas. The authors can marshall a broad range of skills and capabilities to attack and solve problems in design, fabrication, assembly, or production. Key facilities, programs, and capabilities in the Sandia microelectronics effort are discussed in more detail in this booklet.

This paper consists of the inspection record of a W71 Type 5-2 weapon, Serial No. L773. The inspector determined that the unit does not contain material capable of a nuclear explosion and does not contain high explosives. The mock-up/test weapon was inspected in June, 1974 and limited life components were manufactured in February, 1972.

Diagrams.

Report about administrative agreements, weapon materiel and evaluation product change proposals & unsatisfactory reports, laboratory & joint task groups evaluations, spare provisioning actions, weapon manuals, training & trip activities, and new programs.

Abstract not provided.

The objective of this program was to develop a helium vent for use in the high temperature (2000 degrees F) LRHSC. The vent was a non-selective, porous ceramic type.

Memo for declassification of the SNAP 27 hardware because of its simplicity. The main design goal of the generator was to efficiently assure that the heat from the fuel capsule assembly to the radiator (outer case) passes through the thermoelectric legs.

The objectives of this program were to develop, produce and test a selective vent for application to clad of the Pioneer capsule: program management, design integration & design, fabrication, testing.

List of proposed tasks for a contractor.

Memo for declassification of the SNAP 27 hardware because of the non-need for protecting the technical approaches and techniques .

Two quotes from the proposal given for consideration.

Answer to criticisms of Sandia`s performance in evaluating the Hittman selective vent.

Sandia`s recommendations for a heat source concept were similar to the TRW-recommended sealed (AI technology) capsule with some exceptions. Two converter systems were recommended.

This described the sequence of events(logistical, maintenance, and operational) and environments that were expected to be encountered from manufacture-to-target of the COIN devices, including the period of useful life at the target.

Acceptance of Air Force request to develop fuel-air bomb during Vietnam War.

About SNAP 29 program concerns concerning a possible burnup safety approach for end of mission disposal of the SNAP 29 system. Being considered was the Haynes 25 fuel liner.

A comparative study made on the SNAP 29 looking both at the changes due to intact vs. burn-up, and the changes due to multiple mission flights rather than single flights.

This study involved the use of explosively accelerated steel segments (helicopter or other aircraft deliverable to cut trees followed by debris clearance due to overpressure for possible use in Vietnam.

Scope of work for development of munition to clear jungle areas in Southeast Asia.

The visit was to discuss the possible effects of and about concerns pressurizing amine type fuels (I.e., hydrazine and its derivatives) with hot gases from a chemical gas generator.

Tasks list of the proposed program to determine the mechanism of bonding between Fe and PbTe and PbSnTe.

A memo and table. The latter gave estimates of probabilities of the SNAP 19 impacting cities of the world. The impact probabilities given reentry from a polar orbit were generalized and can be applied to any object reentering from a polar orbit.

For using FB or BTV test vehicles.

Deferment from May 1968 to February 1969 because of contamination of G-tunnel by Door Mist.

About the development of an improved polonium fuel form utilizing the present fuel compound.

Test vehicles and scheduled mission particulars.

Response to a tasks list about solid solubilities of iron in thermoelectric material, diffusion & braze bonding processes, and ultrasonic casting.

Vietnam War era research and development by Sandia to detect enemy troop movements. Document outlines scope of effort and provides no design details. No nuclear or non-nuclear weapon information.

Letter to AEC/ALO pertaining to scope of work on fuel-air munition development for Air Force.

Abstract not provided.

Logistical and personnel support form Sandia for Readiness exercise.

The converter was developed under AEC Contract AT(30-1)-3582 (RCA) and AT(30-1)-3584 (Westinghouse) and related subcontracts.

Request for logistic movement of material from Sandia in support of PADDLEWHEEL Operation. Unclassified by reference to CG for NNTRP.

Logistics and material movement in support of PADDLEWHEEL Operation.

Request for prioritizing and determining the resources needed for testing of present and foreseeable nuclear weapons systems which require atmospheric nuclear testing. Request to devise program to change AEC readiness.

Abstract not provided.

Abstract not provided.

Due to an AEC recent audit.

The proposal was similar to a proposed experiment; agreement for the scientifically soundness and feasibility of the experimental techniques. The experiment related to the Vela experimental satellites.

About isotopes heat source for space power.

Introduction to "Section I-- Summary Manpower Charts".

parachutist delivery container. If a direct duplication of the photograph or negatives are needed, contact the SNL Archives Department, MS 0612.

parachutist delivery container. If a direct duplication of the photograph or negatives are needed, contact the SNL Archives Department, MS 0612.

parachutist delivery container. If a direct duplication of the photograph or negatives are needed, contact the SNL Archives Department, MS 0612.

parachutist delivery container. If a direct duplication of the photograph or negatives are needed, contact the SNL Archives Department, MS 0612.

parachutist delivery container. If a direct duplication of the photograph or negatives are needed, contact the SNL Archives Department, MS 0612.

Response to a report about a meeting in which fallout and residual radiation was discussed.

Report about compatibility of experiment with vehicle environment.

For feasibility studies of the Rumpler program. Five conductors (#26 ga. stranded) and one co-axial cable are required. The cable was to be as flexible as possible and could incorporate a braid or shield to increase the tensile strength.

Abstract not provided.

About PuO2 microspheres solubility & external radiation hazards, Sr90 fuel forms solubility & direct radiation, Po210 application to the Poodle propulsion system, particle bank for experiment samples, dose models, and marine hazards studies.

Old antenna characteristics and requirements.

Assignment of the designing of a cable release and depth sensing device for the Rumpler to Division 1321 and M. D. Perkins (engineer).

A list of electrical characteristics of the 461 vehicle instruments.

Department 9310 had been responsible for the conduct of two re-entry burnup flight tests, RFD-1 & RFD-2 for examining in detail the heat-up, meltdown, and disassembly of simulated SNAP power supplies. Each test required about 60 man-years of effort.