Publications

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The origin of Sandia National Laboratories began in World War II and the Manhattan Project. The engineering workforce at that time conducted ordnance design, testing, and assembly of nuclear weapons. In the early 1950s the need to understand material properties prompted a research program modeled after ATT Bell Laboratories on the response of materials to shock compression. That decision was instrumental in developing a wide range of experimental, diagnostic, material modeling, and computational capabilities.

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In Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE), Target Chamber Dynamics (TCD) is an integral part of the target chamber design and performance. TCD includes target output deposition of target x-rays, ions and neutrons in target chamber gases and structures, vaporization and melting of target chamber materials, radiation-hydrodynamics in target chamber vapors and gases, and chamber conditions at the time of target and beam injections. Pulsed power provides a unique environment for IFE-TCD validation experiments in two important ways: they do not require the very clean conditions which lasers need and they currently provide large x-ray and ion energies.

In April they received a DOE Defense Programs award for significant contributions to the Nuclear Weapons Program in developing and applying z-pinch x-ray sources to stockpile stewardship. DOE also recognized pulsed power for outstanding performance at a world-class level as part of the FY98 performance appraisal review. There were 13 Z shots: 3 for LANL weapon physics, 2 to prepare to measure the D{sub 2} equation of state (EOS), 4 to assess energetics of single-sided drive with the z-pinch-driven hohlraum, and 4 to study the variation in x-ray power with the mass of a copper converter foil inside a nested wire array for the dynamic hohlraum.

In the author`s current position at Sandia National Laboratories within the Pulsed Power Sciences Center, much of the author`s time is spent in composing short (one page) technical reports and long (> 20 page) technical contracts and program plans for transmission to the Department of Energy and to upper management and also in reviewing long technical documents for accuracy. A major requirement of these efforts is to complete them on a timely basis, often within a few hours or a few days. In this talk, the author reveals some communication {open_quotes}secrets{close_quotes} that have been learned. The idea behind these twelve {open_quotes}secrets{close_quotes} is to get the answers you, as a nonmanager, need quickly from a manager without creating stress either on your part or the manager`s part.

This report lists publications and presentations that are related to inertial confinement fusion and were authored or coauthored by Sandians in the Pulsed Power Sciences Center from 1989 through 1993. The 661 publications and presentations are categorized into the following general topics: (1) reviews, (2) ion sources, (3) ion diodes, (4) plasma opening switches, (5) ion beam transport, (6) targets and deposition physics, (7) advanced driver and pulsed power technology development, (8) diagnostics, and (9) code development. Research in these areas is arranged by topic in chronological order, with the early efforts under each topic presented first. The work is also categorized alphabetically by first author. A list of acronyms, abbreviations, and definitions of use in understanding light ion inertial confinement fusion research is also included.

This report summarizes the progress on the pulsed power approach to inertial confinement fusion. In 1989, the authors achieved a proton focal intensity of 5 TW/cm{sup 2} on PBFA-II in a 15-cm-radius applied magnetic-field (applied-B) ion diode. This is an improvement by a factor of 4 compared to previous PBFA-II experiments. They completed development of the three-dimensional (3-D), electromagnetic, particle-in-cell code QUICKSILVER and obtained the first 3-D simulations of an applied-B ion diode. The simulations, together with analytic theory, suggest that control of electromagnetic instabilities could reduce ion divergence. In experiments using a lithium fluoride source, they delivered 26 kJ of lithium energy to the diode axis. Rutherford-scattered ion diagnostics have been developed and tested using a conical foil located inside the diode. They can now obtain energy density profiles by using range filters and recording ion images on nuclear track recording film. Timing uncertainties in power flow experiments on PBFA-II have been reduced by a factor of 5. They are investigating three plasma opening switches that use magnetic fields to control and confine the injected plasma. These new switches provide better power flow than the standard plasma erosion switch. Advanced pulsed-power fusion drivers will require extraction-geometry applied-B ion diodes. During this reporting period, progress was made in evaluating the generation, transport, and focus of multiple ion beams in an extraction geometry and in assessing the probable damage to a target chamber first wall.