Publications

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An IVA (inductive voltage adder) research programme at AWE began with the construction of a small scale IVA test bed named LINX and progressed to building PIM (Prototype IVA Module). The work on PIM is geared towards furnishing AWE with a range of machines operating at 1 to 4 MV that may eventually supersede, with an upgrade in performance, existing machines operating in that voltage range. PIM has a water dielectric Blumlein of 10 ohms charged by a Marx generator. This has been used to drive either one or two 1.5 MV inductive cavities and fitting a third cavity may be attempted in the future. The latest two cavity configuration is shown which requires a split oil coax to connect the two cavities in parallel. It also has a laser triggering system for initiating the Blumlein and the prepulse reduction system fitted to the output of the Blumlein. A short MITL (magnetically insulated transmission line) connects the cavities, via a vacuum pumping section, to a chamber containing an e-beam diode test load.

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SNL is developing intense sources for flash x-ray radiography. The goals of the experiments presented here were to assess power flow issues and to help benchmark the LSP particle-in-cell code used to design the experiment. Comparisons between LSP simulations and experimental data are presented.

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High-brightness flash x-ray sources are needed for penetrating dynamic radiography for a variety of applications. Various bremsstrahlung source experiments have been conducted on the TriMeV accelerator (3MV, 60 {Omega}, 20 ns) to determine the best diode and focusing configuration in the 2-3 MV range. Three classes of candidate diodes were examined: gas cell focusing, magnetically immersed, and rod pinch. The best result for the gas cell diode was 6 rad at 1 meter from the source with a 5 mm diameter x-ray spot. Using a 0.5 mm diameter cathode immersed in a 17 T solenoidal magnetic field, the best shot produced 4.1 rad with a 2.9 mm spot. The rod pinch diode demonstrated very reproducible radiographic spots between 0.75 and 0.8 mm in diameter, producing 1.2 rad. This represents a factor of eight improvement in the TriMeV flash radiographic capability above the original gas cell diode to a figure of merit (dose/spot diameter) > 1.8 rad/mm. These results clearly show the rod pinch diode to be the choice x-ray source for flash radiography at 2-3 M V endpoint.

We present the application of a new knowledge visualization tool, VxInsight, to the mapping and analysis of patent databases. Patent data are mined and placed in a database, relationships between the patents are identified, primarily using the citation and classification structures, then the patents are clustered using a proprietary force-directed placement algorithm. Related patents cluster together to produce a 3-D landscape view of the tens of thousands of patents. The user can navigate the landscape by zooming into or out of regions of interest. Querying the underlying database places a colored marker on each patent matching the query. Automatically generated labels, showing landscape content, update continually upon zooming. Optionally, citation links between patents may be shown on the landscape. The combination of these features enables powerful analyses of patent databases.