Publications

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A methodology for the design of control systems for wide-area power systems using solid-state transformers (SSTs) as actuators is presented. Due to their ability to isolate the primary side from the secondary side, an SST can limit the propagation of disturbances, such as frequency and voltage deviations, from one side to the other. This paper studies a control strategy based on SSTs deployed in the transmission grid to improve the resilience of power grids to disturbances. The control design is based on an empirical model of an SST that is appropriate for control design in grid level applications. A simulation example illustrating the improvement provided by an SST in a large-scale power system via a reduction in load shedding due to severe disturbances are presented.

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This report summarizes the key contributions and lessons learned from SNL experience in technical reviews of Controls awardees in the DOE SPA program from 2013 - 2020. The purpose of this report is to provide observations and technical suggestions that are likely to be beneficial to the WEC industry as a whole. Over the course of the SPA FOA program, SNL has engaged in technical review for a total of 5 different Controls awardees. The awardees represent a diversity of WEC devices and the application of different control design approaches. The report begins with a summary of key performance metrics results reported by the 5 Controls awardees. This is followed by a summary of observations and lessons learned distilled from the technical reviews of the awardees . The report concludes with a list of general technical suggestions for future WEC controls projects.

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Forced oscillations in power systems are of particular interest when they interact and reinforce inter-area oscillations. This paper determines how a previously proposed inter-area damping controller mitigates forced oscillations. The damping controller modulates active power on the Pacific DC Intertie (PDCI) based on phasor measurement units (PMU) frequency measurements. The primary goal of the controller is to improve the small signal stability of the north south B mode in the North American Western Interconnection (WI). The paper presents small signal stability analysis in a reduced order system, time-domain simulations of a detailed representation of the WI and actual system test results to demonstrate that the PDCI damping controller provides effective damping to forced oscillations in the frequency range below 1 Hz.

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This paper discusses how to design an inter-area oscillations damping controller using a frequency-shaped optimal output feedback control approach. This control approach was chosen because inter-area oscillations occur at a particular frequency range, from 0.2 to 1 Hz, which is the interval the control action must be prioritized. This paper shows that using only the filter for the system states can sufficiently damp the system modes. In addition, the paper shows that the filter for the input can be adjusted to provide primary frequency regulation to the system with no effect to the desired damping control action. Time domain simulations of a power system with a set of controllable power injection devices are presented to show the effectiveness of the designed controller.

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