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Reconfiguration of the Respiratory Tract Microbiome to Prevent and Treat Burkholderia Infection

Branda, Steven; Collette, Nicole; Aiosa, Nicole; Garg, Neha; Mageeney, Catherine M.; Williams, Kelly P.; Phillips, Ashlee; Hern, Kelsey; Arkin, Adam; Ricken, Bryce; Wilde, Delaney; Dogra, Sahiba; Humphrey, Brittany; Poorey, Kunal; Courtney, Colleen

New approaches to preventing and treating infections, particularly of the respiratory tract, are needed. One promising strategy is to reconfigure microbial communities (microbiomes) within the host to improve defense against pathogens. Probiotics and prebiotics for gastrointestinal (GI) infections offer a template for success. We sought to develop comparable countermeasures for respiratory infections. First, we characterized interactions between the airway microbiome and a biodefense-related respiratory pathogen (Burkholderia thailandensis; Bt), using a mouse model of infection. Then, we recovered microbiome constituents from the airway and assessed their ability to re-colonize the airway and protect against respiratory Bt infection. We found that microbiome constituents belonging to Bacillus and related genuses frequently displayed colonization and anti-Bt activity. Comparative growth requirement profiling of these Bacillus strains vs Bt enabled identification of candidate prebiotics. This work serves as proof of concept for airway probiotics, as well as a strong foundation for development of airway prebiotics.

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TYPE SAND Report YEAR 2022
DOIOSTI

Grey Zone Test Range Social Model

Doyle, Casey L.; Gunda, Thushara; Bernard, Michael

The Grey Zone Test Range (GZTR) social model operates as a piece of the overall GZTR modeling effort. It works in conjunction with supply models for resources, an electric grid model for power availability, and a traffic model for road congestion, as well as a general controller framework that allows external system effects. The social model functions as an aggregate model where the entire population of the city is divided into groups based on the Transportation Analysis Zones (TAZs), a common geospatial boundary present in all GZTR models. These groups will act as a singular community; each time step the state of the system around them will be assessed and then community will come up with a general plan of action that they will attempt to follow for the day. Additionally, they will track values for their general emotional state and memory about negative impacts in the near past.

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TYPE Other Report YEAR 2022
DOIOSTI
Results 4876–4900 of 99,299
Results 4876–4900 of 99,299