Publications

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Six degree of freedom (6-DOF) subsystem/component testing is becoming a desirable method, for field test data and the stress environment can be better replicated with this technology. Unfortunately, it is a rare occasion where a field test can be sufficiently instrumented such that the subsystem/component 6-DOF inputs can be directly derived. However, a recent field test of a Sandia National Laboratory system was instrumented sufficiently such that the input could be directly derived for a particular subsystem. This input is compared to methods for deriving 6-DOF test inputs from field data with limited instrumentation. There are four methods in this study used for deriving 6-DOF input with limited instrumentation. In addition to input comparisons, response measurements during the flight are compared to the predicted response of each input derivation method. All these methods with limited instrumentation suffer from the need to inverse the transmissibility function.

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) transuranic waste repository located east of Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA, consists of 10 waste panels located in the southern end and operations and experimental areas located in the northern end. Waste panels are to be separated from each other and from the northern areas by panel closure systems that consist of run-of-mine-salt that will compact and reconsolidate over time along with the creep closure of open areas of the repository. To more fully assess the sensitivity of predicted repository releases to currently implemented material parameters, the application of modified parameters in the operations and experimental (non-waste) areas of the repository is undertaken to simulate an accelerated (instantaneous) creep closure, the inclusion of capillary pressure effects on relative permeability, and an increase in initial/residual brine saturation and residual gas saturation in the operations and experimental areas of the repository. The resulting sensitivity analysis (CRA14-SEN2) is then compared to the most recent compliance recertification application results presented for CRA-2014 PA (CRA14). The modifications to the repository model result in increased pressures and decreased brine saturations in waste areas and increased pressures and brine saturations in the operations and experimental areas. The slight pressure increases in repository waste regions yield very slightly decreased brine saturations (on average) in those areas. Brine flows up the borehole during a hypothetical drilling intrusion are nearly identical to those found in the CRA14. Brine flows up the repository shaft are decreased as compared to CRA14 due to restricted flow within the operations and experimental areas. The modified operations and experimental area parameters essentially halt the flow of gas from the southern waste areas of the repository to the northern non-waste areas, except as transported through the marker beds and anhydrite layers. The combination of slightly increased waste region pressure (on average) and very slightly decreased brine saturations result in a modest increase in spallings and no significant effect on direct brine releases due to the pressure/saturation trade-off. Total releases from the Culebra and cuttings and cavings releases are not affected. Overall, the effects on total high-probability (P(R) > 0.1) mean releases from the repository are entirely insignificant, with total low-probability (P(R) > 0.001) mean releases minimally increased (~4%) and the associated 95% confidence level on the mean reduced (~20%). It is concluded that the baseline modeling assumptions associated with the operations and experimental areas of the repository have an insignificant effect on the prediction of total releases from the repository and/or adequacy of the current (CRA14) model to demonstrate compliance with the regulatory limits.

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Neodymium hydroxide, Nd(OH)3, solubility experiments were carried out in duplicate at room temperature over the pH interval of 10 to 13 for up to 670 days. The ionic radii of Nd(III) is similar to that of Pu(III) and Am(III), so that the former is an appropriate analog for the latter radionuclides. Average concentrations of Nd in solution approach a value of 2.0 × 10-7 mol/L and equilibrium concentrations show no dependence on solution pH. Compared to previous work, the data from this investigation form a continuum across pH-space, indicating agreement amongst data sets.

Distributed Energy Resources (DER) are being added to the nation's electric grid, and as penetration of these resources increases, they have the potential to displace or offset large-scale, capital-intensive, centralized generation. Integration of DER into operation of the traditional electric grid requires automated operational control and communication of DER elements, from system measurement to control hardware and software, in conjunction with a utility's existing automated and human-directed control of other portions of the system. Implementation of DER technologies suggests a number of gaps from both a security and a policy perspective.

We report a simple method to synthesize V 4+ (VO 2+ ) electrolytes as feedstock for all- vanadium redox flow batteries (RFB). By dissolving V 2 O 5 in aqueous HCl and H 2 SO 4 , subsequently adding glycerol as a reducing agent, we have demonstrated an inexpensive route for electrolyte synthesis to concentrations >2.5 M V 4+ (VO 2+ ). Electrochemical analysis and testing of laboratory scale RFB demonstrate improved thermal stability across a wider temperature range (-10-65 degC) for V 4+ (VO 2+ ) electrolytes in HCl compared to in H 2 SO 4 electrolytes.

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