Publications

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In this work, a modular and open-source platform has been developed for integrating hybrid battery energy storage systems that are intended for grid applications. Alongside integration, this platform will facilitate testing and optimal operation of hybrid storage technologies. Here, a hardware testbed and a control software have been designed, where the former comprises commercial Lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4) and Lead Acid (Pb - acid) cells, custom built Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converters, and a commercial DC-AC conversion system. In this testbed the batteries have an operating voltage range of 11-15V, the DC-AC conversion stage has a DC link voltage of 24V, and it connects to a 208V3-φ grid. The hardware testbed can be scaled up to higher voltages. The control software is developed in Python, and the firmware for all the hardware components is developed in C. This software implements hybrid charge/discharge protocols that are suitable for each battery technology for preventing cell degradation, and perform uninter-rupted quality checks on selected battery packs. The developed platform provides flexibility, modularity, safety and economic benefits to utility-scale storage integration.

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This report describes a test of an instrumented surrogate PWR fuel assembly on a truck trailer conducted to simulate normal conditions of truck transport. The purpose of the test was to measure strains and accelerations on a Zircaloy-4 fuel rod during the transport of the assembly on the truck. This test complements tests conducted in FY13 in which the same assembly was placed on a shaker and subjected to vertical vibrations and shocks simulating truck transport. The results of those tests are in the report “FUEL ASSEMBLY SHAKER TEST for Determining Loads on a PWR Assembly under Surrogate Normal Conditions of Transport” McConnell, et al., SAND2013-5210P, Rev. 0.1, FCRD-UFD-2013-000190, June 30, 2013 (revised December 1, 2013). This report constitutes the Milestone M2FT-14SN0813041 for the DOE/NE Fuel Cycle Research and Development Used Fuel Disposition Campaign ST Transportation Work Package FT-14SN081304 (Rev. 1). The strains measured on the instrumented Zircaloy-4 rod over a 40.2 mile route in the Albuquerque area over a variety of road conditions – rough dirt to Interstate highway (Figure S.1) – never exceeded 150 µin./in. – a very low level of strain well below the elastic limit/yield strength of Zircaloy-4, Figure S.1. The strains measured in the truck test were slightly lower than those measured in the shaker tests.