Publications Details
Liquid hydrogen storage system for heavy duty trucks: Configuration, performance, cost, and safety
Ahluwalia, Rajesh K.; Roh, Hee S.; Peng, J.K.; Papadias, Dionissios D.; Baird, Austin R.; Hecht, Ethan S.; Ehrhart, Brian D.; Muna, Alice B.; Ronevich, Joseph; Houchins, C.; Killingsworth, N.J.; Aceves, S.M.
In this work, we investigate the potential of liquid hydrogen storage (LH2) on-board Class-8 heavy duty trucks to resolve many of the range, weight, volume, refueling time and cost issues associated with 350 or 700-bar compressed H2 storage in Type-3 or Type-4 composite tanks. We present and discuss conceptual storage system configurations capable of supplying H2 to fuel cells at 5-bar with or without on-board LH2 pumps. Structural aspects of storing LH2 in double walled, vacuum insulated, and low-pressure Type-1 tanks are investigated. Structural materials and insulation methods are discussed for service at cryogenic temperatures and mitigation of heat leak to prevent LH2 boiloff. Failure modes of the liner and shell are identified and analyzed using the regulatory codes and detailed finite element (FE) methods. The conceptual systems are subjected to a Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) and a safety, codes, and standards (SCS) review to rank failures and identify safety gaps. The results indicate that the conceptual systems can reach 19.6% usable gravimetric capacity, 40.9 g-H2/L usable volumetric capacity and $174-183/kg-H2 cost (2016 USD) when manufactured 100,000 systems annually.