The High Temperature Borehole Televiewer is a downhole instrument which provides acoustic pictures of the borehole walls that are suitable for casing inspection and fracture detection in geothermal wells. The Geothermal Drilling Organization has funded the development of a commercial tool survivable to temperatures of 275{degree}C and pressures of 5000 psi. A real-time display on an IBM-compatible PC was included as part of the development effort. This report contains a User Manual which describes the operation of this software. The software is designed in a menu format allowing the user to change many of the parameters which control both the acquisition and the display of the Televiewer data. An internal data acquisition card digitizes the waveform from the tool at a rate of 100,000 samples per second. The data from the tool, both the range or arrival time and the amplitude of the return signal, are displayed in color on the CRT screen of the computer during the logging operation. This data may be stored on the hard disk for later display and analysis. The software incorporates many features which aid in the setup of the tool for proper operation. These features include displaying and storing the captured waveform data to check the voltage and time windows selected by the user. 17 refs., 28 figs., 15 tabs.
Multi-dimensional radiative transfer in combined mode heat transfer problems was investigated with emphasis on the analysis and characterization of a free-falling particle cloud, direct absorption solar central receiver. A model was developed to calculate the relevant distributions in the curtain while a concentrated solar beam is impinging on the front face of the medium. The discrete ordinated approximation was applied to allow the spectral equation of transfer (EOT) to be modeled as a PDE. Model verification tests were conducted to determine the accuracy of the model. One- and two-dimensional results showed that the discrete ordinates model provides satisfactory estimates of the radiant intensity, the heat flux and the temperature distributions for ordinate sets above S{sub 4} (12-flux approximation) for both the black and gray cases. 75 refs., 69 figs., 13 tabs.
This report describes the results of tests conducted on three different designs of full-size electrical penetration assemblies (EPAs) that are used in the containment buildings of nuclear power plants. The objective of the tests was to evaluate the behavior of the EPAs under simulated severe accident conditions using steam at elevated temperature and pressure. Leakage, temperature, and cable insulation resistance were monitored throughout the tests. Nuclear-qualified EPAs were produced from D. G. O'Brien, Westinghouse, and Conax. Severe-accident-sequence analysis was used to generate the severe accident conditions (SAC) for a large dry pressurized-water reactor (PWR), a boiling-water reactor (BWR) Mark I drywell, and a BWR Mark III wetwell. Based on a survey conducted by Sandia, each EPA was matched with the severe accident conditions for a specific reactor type. This included the type of containment that a particular EPA design was used in most frequently. Thus, the D. G. O'Brien EPA was chosen for the PWR SAC test, the Westinghouse was chosen for the Mark III test, and the Conax was chosen for the Mark I test. The EPAs were radiation and thermal aged to simulate the effects of a 40-year service life and loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) before the SAC tests were conducted. The design, test preparations, conduct of the severe accident test, experimental results, posttest observations, and conclusions about the integrity and electrical performance of each EPA tested in this program are described in this report. In general, the leak integrity of the EPAs tested in this program was not compromised by severe accident loads. However, there was significant degradation in the insulation resistance of the cables, which could affect the electrical performance of equipment and devices inside containment at some point during the progression of a severe accident. 10 refs., 165 figs., 16 tabs.
The Primary Standards Laboratory (PSL) operates a system-wide primary standards and calibration metrology program for the US Department of Energy, Albuquerque Operations Office (DOE/AL). The PSL mission is to develop and maintain primary standards; to calibrate electrical, physical, and radiation reference standards for member laboratories (DOE/AL integrated contractors); to conduct technical surveys and audits of these laboratories; and to recommend and implement system-wide improvements. This report summarizes activities of the PSL for the first half of 1989 and provides information pertinent to the operation of the DOE/AL Standards and Calibration Program. Specific areas covered include development projects, calibration and special measurements, surveys and audits, and significant events. Appendixes cover certifications and reports, commercial calibration laboratories, PSL memoranda, National Bureau of Standards (NBS)/National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test numbers, and a DOE standards and calibration memorandum.
The connector selection program is a database application that allows engineers to locate information about connectors that meet their requirements. This document describes the design and implementation of the database, the data input application, and the user interface. Nijssen's Information Analysis Methodology (NIAM) was used to characterize the connector data requirements which yielded the database design. This design was transformed into database record structures that were implemented in the relational database management software ORACLE. After the database was in place, data input screens were created to capture the connector data, analyze it, and place it in the proper database record structures. Finally, a user interface was designed and developed that displays or prints the information contained in the database, associated drawings, and documentation related to the program and its data.
Proto II is a nominal 8 terawatt pulsed accelerator which is available for x-ray effects testing. The purpose of this guide is to serve as a basic source of information for prospective users of Proto II. Enclosed is a discussion of the design and operation of the accelerator and a summary of x-ray environmental data. The guide also contains a description of experimental support facilities, data acquisition and analysis systems and general information for users. 4 refs., 22 figs., 5 tabs.
Sandia National Laboratories, under the sponsorship of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, is currently developing test validated methods to predict the pressure capacity of light water reactor containment buildings when subjected to postulated severe accident conditions. These conditions are well beyond the design basis. Scale model tests of steel and reinforced concrete containments have been conducted as well as tests of typical containment penetrations. As a part of this effort, a series of tests was recently conducted to determine the leakage behavior of inflatable seals. These seals are used to prevent leakage around personnel and escape lock doors of some containments. The results of the inflatable seals tests are the subject of this report. Inflatable seals were tested at both room temperature and at elevated temperatures representative of postulated severe accident conditions. Both aged (radiation and thermal) and unaged seals were included in the test program. The internal seal pressure at the beginning of each test was varied to cover the range of seal pressures actually used in containments. For each seal pressure level, the external (containment) pressure was increased until significant leakage past the seals was observed. Parameters that were monitored and recorded during the tests were the internal seal pressure, chamber pressure, leakage past the seals, and temperature of the test chamber and fixture to which the seals were attached. 8 refs., 34 figs., 7 tabs.
An exact solution is derived for one-dimensional radionuclide transport under time-varying fluid-flow conditions including radioactive decay but with the approximation that all radionuclides have identical retardation factors. The solution is used to obtain exact expressions for the cumulative radionuclide mass transported past a fixed point in space over a given time period, and to assess the effects of a periodic perturbation and a step change on the fluid-flow velocity and dispersion coefficient. 14 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.
Sandia National Laboratories, in conjunction with the Department of Energy Computer Integrated Manufacturing Program, supports the use of the Department of Energy Data Exchange Format (DOEDEF) subset of IGES (the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) for exchanges of mechanical product definition data between dissimilar computer aided systems of various types. The background for this position is described here.
This report summarizes about 1260 tests performed on small threaded fasteners (equal to or less than 1/4 inch in diameter and designated as 1/4-20 UNC, {number sign}4-40 UNC, {number sign}2-56 UNC, and 1.0 UNM). Tests determined the tensile strengths of the screws, the lengths of engagement needed to develop the full tensile strengths when the screws were engaged in 6061-T6 Aluminum, Hiperco 50, and 303 Stainless Steel, and whether relationships existed between the tensile strengths and Knoop Micro-Hardness measurements taken on the threaded ends of the screws. 17 figs., 13 tabs.
We studied the sintering behavior of high field chem-prep ZnO varistors using dilatometry and determined how sintering conditions influence the varistor's electrical properties. The dilatometric results indicated that 95% theoretical densities could be obtained with a soak time of only 0.5 hour above 752{degree}C, using a 3{degree}C/min ramp rate; greater shrinkage did not occur for soak temperatures above 752{degree}C. A variety of soak times and temperatures was found to be capable of producing varistors with acceptable electrical properties. The variation in the switching field, E{sub s} (at a current density of 10 A/cm{sup 2}), with soak temperature was found to be significantly less for short soak times than for the standard 16 hour soak time. Annealing sintered pellets at 700{degree}C for 4 hours raised the nonlinearity coefficients by {approximately}25% and decreased E{sub s} by {approximately}10%. This uniform decrease in E{sub s} led to a further reduction in the slope of E{sub s} vs soak temperature for values of E{sub s} in the specified range of interest. Further testing of more samples, of samples from different powder batches, and of samples annealed at various temperatures needs to be performed to verify these results. 19 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.
A 1:6-scale model of a reinforced concrete containment building was pressurized incrementally to failure at a remote site at Sandia National Laboratories. The response of the model was recorded with more than 1000 channels of data (primarily strain and displacement measurements) at 37 discrete pressure levels. The primary objective of this test was to generate data that could be used to validate methods for predicting the performance of containment buildings subject to loads beyond their design basis. Extensive analyses were conducted before the test to predict the behavior of the model. Ten organizations in Europe and the US conducted independent analyses of the model and contributed to a report on the pretest predictions. Predictions included structural response at certain predetermined locations in the model as well as capacity and failure mode. This report discusses comparisons between the pretest predictions and the experimental results. Posttest evaluations that were conducted to provide additional insight into the model behavior are also described. The significance of the analysis and testing of the 1:6-scale model to performance evaluations of actual containments subject to beyond design basis loads is also discussed. 70 refs., 428 figs., 24 tabs.
In this report we describe the development of an unconventional fabrication process using traditional printed-circuit-board materials for assembly into a geophysical electrical simulator. This simulator serves as a bench top geophysical electrical simulation facility for studying and validating dc and very-low-frequency geophysical responses of interest in geologic formations. Soft copper sheet was laminated to glass/epoxy prepreg, without the use of brown oxide coating or any other adhesion promoter, to form a triangle of compound curvature. These triangles were instrumented by the Advanced Process Technology Division and were then assembled into the final hemisphere by the Organic Materials Division. The back side of the hemisphere assembly was encapsulated in polyurethane foam to provide a rigid structure. 1 ref., 10 figs.
A series of shock-loading experiments on an energetic propellant and its simulant was conducted on a light-gas gun. The purpose of this work was to characterize the shock sensitivity of WAK-2, which is a composite-modified, double-based, booster-rocket propellant and its simulant UGS. The initial objectives were to obtain Hugoniot data, to investigate the pressure threshold at which a reaction occurs, and to measure spall threshold at various impact velocities. The Hugoniot data obtained for the propellant fits the Hugoniot curve provided by the manufacturer of the propellant. A Hugoniot curve developed for the simulant was found to match that of the propellant. The initial density, {rho}{sub 0}, initial bulk sound velocity, C{sub 0}, and constant S values for the energetic propellant WAK-2 and its simulant UGS were 1.85 g/cm{sup 3}, 2.2 mm/{mu}s and 2.66, respectively. The ignition threshold pressure of the WAK-2 was found to be in the range of 3 kbar. A violent reaction was observed for a sample impacted at a pressure of 22 kbar. In spall tests, impact pressures in the range of 1.1 to 3.1 kbar were applied to the propellant/simulant. The propellant exhibited spall strengths {approximately}0.33 kbar, with its simulant being somewhat weaker, {approximately}0.22 kbar. Scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis were used to characterize the microstructures of the materials and to determine the details of the spall events. 20 refs., 19 figs., 9 tabs.
CEPXS is a multigroup-Legendre cross-section generating code. The multigroup-Legendre cross sections produced by CEPXS enable coupled electron-photon transport calculations to be performed with the one-dimensional discrete ordinates code, ONEDANT. We recommend that the 1989 version of ONEDANT that contains linear-discontinuous spatial differencing and S2 synthetic acceleration be used for such calculations. CEPXS/ONEDANT effectively solves the Boltzmann-CSD transport equation for electrons and the Boltzmann transport equation for photons over the energy range from 100 MeV to 1.0 keV. The continuous slowing-down approximation is used for those electron interactions that result in small-energy losses. The extended transport correction is applied to the forward-peaked elastic scattering cross section for electrons. A standard multigroup-Legendre treatment is used for the other coupled electron-photon cross sections. CEPXS extracts electron cross-section information from the DATAPAC data set and photon cross-section information from Biggs-Lighthill data. The model that is used for ionization/relaxation in CEPXS is essentially the same as that employed in ITS. 43 refs., 8 figs.
Simple mixture rules are used to calculate input parameters for an analytic equation of state package (ANEOS) to model saturated limestone as a homogeneous material. This method is used to determine changes in material parameters as the volume fraction of water in the rock changes. Hugoniots determined from these are compared with experimental and theoretical Hugoniots for saturated limestone samples with various porosity levels. Ground shock calculations are also performed to model a deeply buried 500 kiloton explosion in saturated limestone containing various amounts of water. 37 refs., 29 figs.
The Data Retention Chassis (DRC) is a data acquisition component based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. The purpose of the DRC is to download the correct set-up parameters into sixteen Tektronix 7912 digitizers, to verify that the digitizers retain their settings, and (once the digitizers have triggered) to load that data into the DRC battery back-up CMOS memory. The DRC also has a circuit built into it called the COMMAND LINK. With the help of the TA698 Alternate Common Equipment (ACE), the user employs this link to communicate interactively with the digitizers and the DRC. Another circuit built into the DRC is the data stream multiplexer (DSM) for high-speed data transfers.
A boundary layer theory for the flow of power-law fluids in a converging planar channel has been developed. This theory suggests a Reynolds number for such flows, and following numerical integration, a boundary layer thickness. This boundary layer thickness has been used in the generation of a finite element mesh for the finite element code FIDAP. FIDAP was then used to simulate the flow of power-law fluids through a converging channel. Comparison of the analytic and finite element results shows the two to be in very good agreement in regions where entrance and exit effects (not considered in the boundary layer theory) can be neglected. 6 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, has been designated as Lead Center for the Exploratory Battery Technology Development and Testing Project, which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Energy Storage and Distribution. In this capacity, Sandia is responsible for the engineering development of advanced rechargeable batteries for both mobile and stationary energy storage applications. This report details the technical achievements realized in pursuit of the Lead Center's goals during calendar year 1988.
To provide the assurance that a newly developed system meets customer requirements, certification testing of the system must be performed. The MIVS Program Plan required the generation of a Certification Test Plan, detailing the necessary steps required to certify the performance, reliability and quality of the MIVS. This report explains the results of the multi-element environmental testing, of the safety tests performed on the units, and the mechanical shock and random vibrations tests. 3 figs.
The Modular Integrated Video System (MIVS) was developed to provide a replacement surveillance system for the IAEA's Twin Minolta Film Camera System. This task was sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Program for Technical Assistance to IAEA Safeguards (POTAS). This is the final report describing the development, testing, and production of the MIVS. It begins with the generation of a Program Plan identifying the principal steps necessary for the development of a highly reliable, quality surveillance system. Among these steps were the generation of the functional specifications and the certification test plan. These documents describe prototype development and demonstration, Class III production, environmental testing, reliability testing, field commissioning, and commercial manufacturer selection. Data accumulated from the various steps of the Program Plan are presented in this final report. 10 figs.
This document evaluates the accuracy of mass properties computations from the ANVIL 5000 CAD system. Mass property results and a measure of their accuracy are given for both individual solid model components and for point-mass assembly sums. The mass properties' accuracies were determined by comparing the results obtained from ANVIL 5000 with either theoretical values or with results from another trusted software package.
The SA3124 is a silicon zener diode designated as a JANTXV1N965B-1 device manufactured by Microsemi of Scottsdale, Arizona. The devices were procured from Microsemi and tested by the Design Agency in accordance with PS319094. The SA3124 is a 15V zener diode packaged in a DO-35 cylindrical lead silicate glass package. The monolithic silicon die is sandwiched between two copper-clad Dumet plugs wth coaxial copper-clad and tin-dipped iron leads welded to them. 11 figs., 3 tabs.
The SA3274-1 and SA3274-2 are bi-directional transient voltage suppressors that have a nominal breakdown voltage of 12 Volts and 22 Volts, respectively. These devices are packaged in an axial-leaded cylindrical glass package. These devices were manufactured by and procured from Microsemi Corporation in Santa Ana, California. They were tested by the Design Agency in accordance with PS319848. 25 figs.
An approach for initiating tracks for multiple target tracking is presented. A means of using a graph to represent objects moving in a sequence of images is given. The approach for initiating tracks is based on a dynamic programming algorithm for finding the shortest path in the graph. For comparison purposes an extensive optimal solution and other practical track initiation approaches from the open literature are discussed. 7 refs., 7 figs.