Enabling fully predictive simulations using disruptive computational mechanics and novel diagnostics

A female engineer
Sandia Researcher Rekha Rao

Accurately capturing solidification of fluids and the development of residual stress is critical for fully predictive simulations for numerous applications in geoscience, nuclear safety, manufacturing, energy production, and bioscience. Researchers on this LDRD project developed, implemented, and demonstrated advanced constitutive models with yield stress to represent both fluid and solid behavior simultaneously. They also presented results from literature models and demonstrated the first finite element results for the Kamani Donley-Rogers model that was developed by Sandia Alliance partners at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Illinois).  

Predictions were compared to novel experimental results of gravitational settling of yield stress fluids in a Hele-Shaw cell. Both experiments and simulations showed solidification in regions of low applied stress near free surfaces and far from the inlet. These improved models for the birthing of residual stress will substantially improve predictions of Sandia’s encapsulation processes.  

This project resulted in five publications consisting of one in Physical Review Letters in 2021, two in the Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics (1) (2), and the Physics of Fluids in 2022, and one in the Journal of Rheology in 2023. Additionally, this Sandia team had numerous collaborators from industry (3M, Proctor and Gamble), the government (U.S. Army Engineering R&D Center), and Sandia Alliance partners from Illinois, University of New Mexico, Georgia Tech, and the University of Utah.  


Stress birth and death of a fluid-to-solid transaction: (left) fluid birth, and (right) the solid transaction.
Stress birth and death of a fluid-to-solid transaction: (left) fluid birth, and (right) the solid transaction.  

Sandia researchers linked to work 

  • Rekha Rao
  • Kevin Nicholas Long 
  • Victor Brunini 
  • Samuel R. Subia 
  • Anne Grillet 
  • Christine Cardinal Roberts 

Sponsored by

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Associated Publications

  • Rao, R., McConnell, J., Grillet, A., McMaster, A., Cleaves, H., Roberts, C., Ortiz, W., Secor, R., Newell, P., Dey, B., Rogers, S., Donley, G., Kamani, K., Griebler, J., & Griebler, J. (2022). Stress Birth and Death: Disruptive Computational Mechanics and Novel Diagnostics for Fluid-to-Solid Transitions. https://doi.org/10.2172/1893238 Publication ID: 80376
  • Lester, B., Long, K., Scherzinger, W., Vignes, C., Reedlunn, B., & Reedlunn, B. (2022). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAMÉ) 5.10. https://doi.org/10.2172/1886124 Publication ID: 80147
  • Louie, D., Wang, Y., Rao, R., Kucala, A., Kruichak, J., & Kruichak, J. (2022). Study of alkaline carbonate cooling to mitigate Ex-Vessel molten corium accidents. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2022.111752 Publication ID: 80650
  • Lester, B., Vignes, C., Scherzinger, W., Long, K., Reedlunn, B., Cundiff, K., & Cundiff, K. (2022). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAM) 5.8. https://doi.org/10.2172/1871770 Publication ID: 80829
  • Long, K., Hamel, C., & Hamel, C. (2022). Stabilized Hyperfoam Modeling of the General Plastics EF4003 (3 PCF) Flexible Foam. https://doi.org/10.2172/1870771 Publication ID: 80815
  • Lester, B., Scherzinger, W., Long, K., Vignes, C., Reedlunn, B., & Reedlunn, B. (2022). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering ((LAMÉ) 5.6. https://doi.org/10.2172/1856672 Publication ID: 80542
  • Luo, C., Chung, C., Yakacki, C.M., Long, K., Yu, K., & Yu, K. (2022). Real-Time Alignment and Reorientation of Polymer Chains in Liquid Crystal Elastomers. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 14(1), pp. 1961-1972. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c20082 Publication ID: 77148
  • Lester, B., Long, K., Scherzinger, W., Reedlunn, B., Vignes, C., & Vignes, C. (2021). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAMÉ) 5.4. https://doi.org/10.2172/1837150 Publication ID: 77188
  • McConnell, J., McMaster, A., Grillet, A., Rao, R., Ortiz, W., & Ortiz, W. (2021). Numerical simulations of free-surface flows of a Carbopol solution [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1896362 Publication ID: 76563
  • Grillet, A., McConnell, J., McMaster, A., Bhakta, R., Rao, R., Newell, P., Ortiz, W., & Ortiz, W. (2021). Computational models and experimental studies of mold filling in thin channels with yield stress fluids [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1890891 Publication ID: 76096
  • Lester, B., Scherzinger, W., Long, K., Vignes, C., & Vignes, C. (2021). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAMÉ) 5.2. https://doi.org/10.2172/1819997 Publication ID: 75608
  • Cundiff, K., Long, K., Kropka, J., Carroll, S., Groves, C., & Groves, C. (2021). Constitutive Model Development for Aging Polymer Encapsulants (ASC P&EM FY2021 L2 Milestone 7836). https://doi.org/10.2172/1820028 Publication ID: 75587
  • Bolintineanu, D., Waymel, R., Collis, H., Long, K., Quintana, E.C., Kramer, S., & Kramer, S. (2021). Anisotropy evolution of elastomeric foams during uniaxial compression measured via in-situ X-ray computed tomography. Materialia, 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101112 Publication ID: 73943
  • McConnell, J., Rao, R., Ortiz, W., Newell, P., & Newell, P. (2021). Computational Models for Fluid-to-Solid Transitions in Yield Stress Fluids [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1878278 Publication ID: 79429
  • Montgomery, S.M., Hilborn, H., Hamel, C., Kuang, X., Long, K., Qi, H.J., & Qi, H.J. (2021). The 3D printing and modeling of functionally graded Kelvin foams for controlling crushing performance. Extreme Mechanics Letters, 46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2021.101323 Publication ID: 78193
  • McConnell, J., Rao, R., Ortiz, W., Newell, P., & Newell, P. (2021). Computational Models for Fluid-to-Solid Transitions in Yield Stress Fluids [Conference Presenation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1888673 Publication ID: 79478
  • Ortiz, W., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2021). Polyurethane Foam Manufacturing Models Using a FEM‐Level Set‐Population Balance Approach [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1878723 Publication ID: 79483
  • Lester, B., Long, K., & Long, K. (2021). Constitutive and Application Modeling of Glass-Ceramic Materials [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1881700 Publication ID: 79316
  • Brown, J., Long, K., Rao, R., Roberts, C., Jones, B., celina, M., Leonard, J., & Leonard, J. (2021). Multiphysics Modeling Of Long-Term Aging And Deformation Mechanisms In Polyurethane Foams [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1881719 Publication ID: 79332
  • Rao, R., McConnell, J., Grillet, A., Dey, B., Newell, P., Ortiz, W., & Ortiz, W. (2021). Computational models and experimental studies of mold filling in thin channels with yield stress fluids [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1871800 Publication ID: 78737
  • Louie, D., Wang, Y., Rao, R., Kucala, A., Kruichak, J., & Kruichak, J. (2021). Using Alkaline Carbonate to Mitigate Molten Corium in Severe Nuclear Reactor Accidents [Conference Paper]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1867127 Publication ID: 78361
  • Kramer, S., Bolintineanu, D., Long, K., Hamel, C., Frankel, A., Jones, R.E., Swiler, L., Johnson, K., & Johnson, K. (2021). Mechanics of Materials Utilizing Machine Learning: Examples at Sandia National Laboratories [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1867564 Publication ID: 78396
  • Kramer, S., Waymel, R., Quintana, E.C., Bolintineanu, D., Long, K., Hamel, C., Miers, J., & Miers, J. (2021). Characterization of Elastomeric Polyurethane Foam of Various Densities [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1867993 Publication ID: 78418
  • Kopatz, J.W., Sanborn, B., Wagner, J., Rao, R., Roberts, C., & Roberts, C. (2021). Thermomechanical Behavior of Polyurea Nanocomposites [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1866036 Publication ID: 78262
  • Bolintineanu, D., Frankel, A., Hamel, C., Long, K., Kramer, S., & Kramer, S. (2021). Machine learned constitutive models for foam mechanics and powder rheology [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1863182 Publication ID: 78015
  • Luo, C., Chung, C., Traugutt, N.A., Yakacki, C.M., Long, K., Yu, K., & Yu, K. (2021). 3D Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams for Enhanced Energy Dissipation under Mechanical Insult. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 13(11), pp. 12698-12708. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c17538 Publication ID: 74989
  • Lester, B., Scherzinger, W., Long, K., Reedlunn, B., Vignes, C., & Vignes, C. (2021). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAMÉ) 5.0. https://doi.org/10.2172/1817324 Publication ID: 77514
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Ortiz, W., & Ortiz, W. (2021). Computational Models of Polyurethane Foam Formation for Property Prediction [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1860459 Publication ID: 77817
  • Rao, R., Long, K., Brown, J., Roberts, C., Jones, B.H., Celina, M.C., Leonard, J., & Leonard, J. (2021). Multiphysics Modeling of Coupled Chemical-Thermal-Mechanical Phenomena in Chemically Blown Polyurethane Foams during Manufacturing & Aging [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1847462 Publication ID: 77350
  • McConnell, J., Rao, R., Grillet, A., Sutherland, J., Newell, P., Ortiz, W., & Ortiz, W. (2021). Numerical study of an elastoviscoplastic mold filling experiment [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1847464 Publication ID: 77352
  • Karlson, K., Long, K., Dike, J., & Dike, J. (2021). Material Models and Credibility for System Level Abnormal Mechanical ModSim Applications. https://doi.org/10.2172/1769547 Publication ID: 77304
  • Brown, J., Rao, R., Long, K., Roberts, C., Jones, B., Celina, M.C., Leonard, J., & Leonard, J. (2020). Multiphysics Modeling Of Long-Term Aging And Deformation Mechanisms In Polyurethane Foams [Conference Proceeding]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1835005 Publication ID: 72100
  • Rao, R., McConnell, J., Ortiz, W., Grillet, A., Robert, C., Newell, P., & Newell, P. (2020). Computational models for fluid-to-solid transitions in yield stress fluids (flash version) [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1881718 Publication ID: 71800
  • Rao, R., McConnell, J., Ortiz, W., Grillet, A., Robert, C., Newell, P., & Newell, P. (2020). Computational models for fluid-to-solid transitions in yield stress fluids [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1830993 Publication ID: 71677
  • Luo, C., Chung, C., Traugutt, N., Yakacking, C., Yu, K., Long, K., & Long, K. (2020). 3D Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams for Enhanced Energy Dissipation [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1825592 Publication ID: 71187
  • Salloum, M., Karlson, K., Jin, H., Brown, J., Bolintineanu, D., Long, K., & Long, K. (2020). Comparing field data using Alpert multi-wavelets. Computational Mechanics, 66(4), pp. 893-910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-020-01878-2 Publication ID: 74292
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Ortiz, W., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., & Soehnel, M. (2020). Bubble-size Experiments and Predictions for Polyurethane Foam using a Population Balance Equation [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1829227 Publication ID: 71493
  • Grillet, A., McMaster, A., Roberts, C., Leonard, J., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2020). Local Arrest of Carbopol Gel in a Quasi Two-Dimensional Flow [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1829261 Publication ID: 71534
  • Lester, B., Long, K., Scherzinger, W., Vignes, C., Reedlunn, B., & Reedlunn, B. (2020). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAMÉ) 4.58. https://doi.org/10.2172/1673814 Publication ID: 71011
  • Hamel, C., Long, K., Waymel, R., Kramer, S., Neilsen, M., & Neilsen, M. (2020). An Isotropic Large Deformation Viscoplastic Damage Model for Flexible Foams Across a Range of Relative Densities [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1822286 Publication ID: 70921
  • Long, K., Hamel, C., Waymel, R., Bolintineanu, D., Quintana, E.C., Kramer, S., & Kramer, S. (2020). Constitutive Modeling of Anisotropic Flexible Foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1822629 Publication ID: 70971
  • Lester, B., Long, K., & Long, K. (2020). Modeling of Glass-Ceramic Materials and Applications [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.5f5f8e69aa777f8ba5bd601d Publication ID: 74819
  • Lester, B., Long, K., & Long, K. (2020). Glass-Ceramic Material Modeling: Theory Implementation and Application [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1821077 Publication ID: 74856
  • Montgommery, S., Hilborn, H., Hamel, C., Kuang, X., Long, K., Qi, H., & Qi, H. (2020). The modelling and 3D printing of functionally graded foams for tunable crushing performance [Conference Presenation]. https://doi.org/10.2172/1824732 Publication ID: 71103
  • Rao, R., Schunk, P.R., Roberts, S., Tjiptowidjojo, K., Ortiz, W., Martin, R., Cochrane, A., Secor, R., & Secor, R. (2020). Goma History and Capabilities Seminar [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1814577 Publication ID: 74595
  • Rao, R., Roberts, C., Ortiz, W., & Ortiz, W. (2020). Polyurethane foam process models using a population balance method [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1818853 Publication ID: 74742
  • Lester, B., Long, K., & Long, K. (2020). Modular Linear Thermoviscoelastic Model. https://doi.org/10.2172/1619910 Publication ID: 73486
  • Roberts, C., Long, K., Rao, R., Mondy, L., Soehnel, M., & Soehnel, M. (2020). Material Models for Polyurethane Foam Encapsulation and Aging [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1767370 Publication ID: 72731
  • Kramer, S., Bolintineanu, D., Quintana, E.C., Waymel, R., Long, K., & Long, K. (2020). Evolution of Microstructural Descriptors in Elastomeric Foam During Uniaxial Compression [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1768157 Publication ID: 72789
  • Waymel, R., Kramer, S., Bolintineanu, D., Quintana, E.C., Long, K., & Long, K. (2020). Exploring Microstructural Descriptors in Elastomeric Foams Using Digital Image Correlation and Statistical Analysis [Conference Poster]. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29986-6_6 Publication ID: 68934
  • Jin, H., Croom, B., Mills, B., Li, X., Carroll, J.D., Long, K., Brown, J., & Brown, J. (2020). Multiscale XCT Scans to Study Damage Mechanism in Syntactic Foam [Conference Poster]. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85085514551&origin=inward Publication ID: 68956
  • Louie, D., Wang, Y., Rao, R., Kucala, A., Kruichak, J., & Kruichak, J. (2019). Using Alkaline Carbonate to Mitigate Molten Corium in Severe Nuclear Reactor Accidents [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1643378 Publication ID: 66917
  • Kramer, S., Bolintineanu, D., Long, K., Waymel, R., Quintana, E.C., Jones, R.E., Roberts, S., Newcomer, J., Stracuzzi, D., Swiler, L., & Swiler, L. (2019). Mechanics of Materials Utilizing Machine Learning: Examples at Sandia National Laboratories [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1643105 Publication ID: 66123
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Brunini, V., Noble, D., Celina, M., Ortiz, W., Tinsley, J., & Tinsley, J. (2019). Foam process models for polyurethane including blowing and curing kinetics [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1646450 Publication ID: 66451
  • Louie, D., Wang, Y., Rao, R., Kucala, A., Kruichak, J., & Kruichak, J. (2019). Using Alkaline Carbonate to Mitigate Molten Corium in Severe Nuclear Reactor Accidents [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1643241 Publication ID: 66198
  • Croom, B.P., Jin, H., Carroll, J.D., Long, K., Li, X., & Li, X. (2019). Particle clustering effects on damage mechanisms in elastomeric syntactic foams. Composites Part B: Engineering, 175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107160 Publication ID: 60231
  • Roberts, C., Leonard, J., Maes, A., Grillet, A., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2019). Simultaneous Raman and Rheology Measurements for Reaction and Stress Monitoring [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1642941 Publication ID: 65803
  • Louie, D., Wang, Y., Rao, R., Kucala, A., Ross, K., Kruichak, J., Chavez, W., & Chavez, W. (2019). A New Method to Contain Molten Corium in Catastrophic Nuclear Reactor Accidents. https://doi.org/10.2172/1573134 Publication ID: 65981
  • Lester, B., Long, K., & Long, K. (2019). Constitutive Modeling of Glass-Ceramic Materials [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1643041 Publication ID: 66001
  • Rao, R., Ortiz, W., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., & Soehnel, M. (2019). Bubble-size Predictions for Polyurethane Foam using a Population Balance Equation [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1642895 Publication ID: 65785
  • Lu, Y., Carroll, J.D., Long, K., Long, R., & Long, R. (2019). Failure of brittle micro-spherical shells embedded in elastomer matrix under indentation. Composites Part B: Engineering, 173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.05.081 Publication ID: 64150
  • Rao, R., Grillet, A., Roberts, C., & Roberts, C. (2019). Diagnostics and Models for Birthing Stress. https://doi.org/10.2172/1568987 Publication ID: 65282
  • Lester, B., Long, K., & Long, K. (2019). Numerical Integration of Viscoelastic Models. https://doi.org/10.2172/1567985 Publication ID: 65267
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Long, K., Brunini, V., Noble, D., Celina, M., Tinsley, J., & Tinsley, J. (2019). Polyurethane Foam Process Modeling: Foaming and Curing in a Complex Mold [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1645873 Publication ID: 64653
  • Liu, Z., Clausen, J., Rao, R., Aidun, C.K., & Aidun, C.K. (2019). A unified analysis of nano-to-microscale particle dispersion in tubular blood flow. Physics of Fluids, 31(8). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110604 Publication ID: 70561
  • Rao, R., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Long, K., Noble, D., Tinsley, J., & Tinsley, J. (2019). Finite Element Modeling and Flow Visualization of Polyurethane Foaming and Curing in a Complex Mold [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1641396 Publication ID: 70137
  • Roberts, C., Maes, A., Grillet, A., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2019). Simultaneous Raman and Rheology Measurements forReaction and Stress Monitoring [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1640603 Publication ID: 68916
  • Long, K., Kropka, J., & Kropka, J. (2019). Assessing Sandia?s Capability to Predict Long-Term Physical Aging of Glassy Polymers [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1639762 Publication ID: 68064
  • Rao, R., Clausen, J., Wagner, J., Butler, K.S., Bolintineanu, D., Liu, L., Aidun, C., Martin, R., & Martin, R. (2019). Multiscale Modeling of Nanoparticle Transport in the Vasculature: Upscaling Red-Blood Cell Models to the Continuum Scale [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1639568 Publication ID: 67750
  • Martin, R., Tjiptowidjojo, K., Ortiz, W., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2019). Finite element simulations of viscoelastic flow of blade coating using the log-conformation tensor. Computers and Fluids, 180, pp. 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.12.001 Publication ID: 61986
  • Kropka, J., Arechederra, G., Wilson, K., McCoy, J., Tenney, C., Long, K., & Long, K. (2019). Chemical and Physical Aging of Epoxies [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1639226 Publication ID: 66965
  • Tenney, C., Long, K., Kropka, J., & Kropka, J. (2019). Predictions of Yield Strength Evolution Due to Physical Aging of 828 DGEBA/DEA using the Simplified Potential Energy Clock Model. https://doi.org/10.2172/1498246 Publication ID: 67245
  • Kucala, A., Rao, R., Erickson, L., & Erickson, L. (2019). A computational model for molten corium spreading and solidification. Computers and Fluids, 178, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.11.009 Publication ID: 58683
  • Liu, Z., Clausen, J., Rao, R., Aidun, C.K., & Aidun, C.K. (2019). Nanoparticle diffusion in sheared cellular blood flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.320 Publication ID: 67980
  • Kropka, J., Arechederra, G., Wilson, K., McCoy, J., Tenney, C., Long, K., & Long, K. (2018). Chemical and Physical Aging of Epoxies [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1761174 Publication ID: 60534
  • Louie, D., Wang, Y., Rao, R., Kucala, A., Kruichak, J., Chavez, W., & Chavez, W. (2018). Inectable Sacrificial Material Safety System to Mitigate Molten Corium in Containment [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1761358 Publication ID: 60643
  • Clausen, J., Liu, Z., Bolintineanu, D., Lechman, J., Wagner, J., Butler, K.S., Rao, R., Aidun, C., & Aidun, C. (2018). Analysis of nanoparticle transport in blood flow through microvascular bifurcations [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1806962 Publication ID: 60274
  • Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Long, K., Brunini, V., Noble, D., Voskuilen, T., Kropka, J., Celina, M.C., Tinsley, J., & Tinsley, J. (2018). Models of polyurethane foam formation [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1574598 Publication ID: 60145
  • Long, K., Carroll, J.D., Casias, Z., Jin, H., Brown, J., long, R., Lu, Y., & Lu, Y. (2018). Mechanical Behavior and Damage Mechanisms of Glass Microballoon Filled Elastomers [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1574606 Publication ID: 60154
  • Kropka, J., Arechederra, G., Wilson, K., McCoy, J., Long, K., Tenney, C., & Tenney, C. (2018). Chemical and Physical Aging of Epoxies [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1594274 Publication ID: 59423
  • Long, K., Carroll, J.D., Casias, Z., Jin, H., Brown, J., & Brown, J. (2018). Mechanical Behavior and Damage Mechanisms of Glass Microballoon Filled Elastomers [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1594276 Publication ID: 59427
  • Waymel, R., Quintana, E.C., Kramer, S., Long, K., Bolintineanu, D., & Bolintineanu, D. (2018). Using X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation to Investigate the Microstructure of Elastomeric Foams [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1592680 Publication ID: 59775
  • Rao, R., Wagner, J., Butler, K.S., Clausen, J., Martin, R., Liu, L., & Liu, L. (2018). Continuum Modeling of Nanoparticles Transport In Vivo Through Bifurcations [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1806913 Publication ID: 59529
  • Liu, Z., Zhu, Y., Rao, R., Clausen, J., Aidun, C.K., & Aidun, C.K. (2018). Nanoparticle transport in cellular blood flow. Computers and Fluids, 172, pp. 609-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.03.022 Publication ID: 63325
  • Rao, R., Long, K., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Johnson, K., & Johnson, K. (2018). Manufacturing Induced Residual Stress Development and Deformation in PMDI-10 Structural Foam. https://doi.org/10.2172/1466109 Publication ID: 63780
  • Rao, R., Ortiz, W., & Ortiz, W. (2018). A Comparison of Viscoelastic Level Set Formulations: Property Averaging versus Equation Averaging [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1806534 Publication ID: 63308
  • Kucala, A., Rao, R., Erickson, L., Noble, D., & Noble, D. (2018). A Control Volume Finite Element Approach for Modeling Molten Corium Spreading and Solidification [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1570950 Publication ID: 63158
  • Louie, D., Wang, Y., Rao, R., Kucala, A., Kruichak, J., & Kruichak, J. (2018). Injectable Sacrifical Material System to Contain Ex-Vessel Molten Corium in Nuclear Accidents [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1532639 Publication ID: 62941
  • Kropka, J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2018). Predicting the counter-intuitive stress relaxation behavior of glass forming materials. Polymer, 145, pp. 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.050 Publication ID: 63981
  • Jin, H., Mills, B., Nelson, K., Carroll, J.D., Long, K., Brown, J., Croom, B., Li, X., & Li, X. (2018). Using X-ray Tomography and DVC to Study Damage Evolution in Syntactic Foam [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1529206 Publication ID: 62721
  • Brown, J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2018). Exemplar for simulation challenges: Large-deformation micromechanics of Sylgard 184/glass microballoon syntactic foams. https://doi.org/10.2172/1436920 Publication ID: 61951
  • Kropka, J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2018). Counter-Intuitive Stress Relaxation Behavior of Glass Forming Materials and the Ability of Rheologically Simple ?Material Clock? Nonlinear Viscoelastic Modeling to Represent it [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1499238 Publication ID: 60993
  • Bolintineanu, D., Lechman, J., Bond, S., Yarrington, C.D., Knepper, R., Kramer, S., Waymel, R., Quintana, E.C., Long, K., & Long, K. (2018). Data analysis of heterogeneous materials: applications to energetic materials and polymer foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1504826 Publication ID: 61330
  • Jin, H., Croom, B., Li, X., Carroll, J.D., Nelson, K., Long, K., Brown, J., & Brown, J. (2018). Using X-ray Tomography and DVC to Study Damage Evolution in Syntactic Foam [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1498218 Publication ID: 60856
  • Louie, D., Wang, Y., Rao, R., Kucala, A., Kruichak, J., & Kruichak, J. (2018). Injectable sacrificial material system to contain ex-vessel molten corium in nuclear accidents [Conference Poster]. International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, Proceedings, ICONE. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85056197741&origin=inward Publication ID: 58616
  • Bolintineanu, D., Rao, R., Lechman, J., Romero, J.A., Jove-Colon, C., Quintana, E.C., Bauer, S., Ingraham, M., & Ingraham, M. (2017). Simulations of the effects of proppant placement on the conductivity and mechanical stability of hydraulic fractures. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 100, pp. 188-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.10.014 Publication ID: 47387
  • Rao, R., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Long, K., Tinsley, J., & Tinsley, J. (2017). Validation Experiment: Foaming and Filling a Complex Clear Mold [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1489046 Publication ID: 54783
  • Brown, J., Long, K., Carroll, J.D., Jin, H., & Jin, H. (2017). Modeling Damage Evolution in Glass Microballoon Filled Syntactic Foams Under Large-Strain Confined and Unconfined Compression [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1482296 Publication ID: 54127
  • Kropka, J., Ford, K.R., Long, K., & Long, K. (2017). Modeling Physical Aging with The Simplified Potential Energy Clock Model [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1482308 Publication ID: 54141
  • Rao, R., Long, K., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Johnson, K., Brunini, V., Noble, D., Voskuilen, T., Mondy, L., Tinsley, J., & Tinsley, J. (2017). A Bubble-Scale Continuum Approach to Foam Expansion and Bubble Pressurization [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1485017 Publication ID: 54499
  • Long, K., Rao, R., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Begay, S., Tinsley, J., & Tinsley, J. (2017). Inverse Mold Design To Accommodate Manufacturing Warpage in Chemically Blown PMDI Foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1485022 Publication ID: 54506
  • Long, K., Kropka, J., Stavig, M., Jones, B.H., & Jones, B.H. (2017). Cure Stress Measurements and Modeling Under Confined and Unconfined Conditions [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1485023 Publication ID: 54507
  • Roberts, S., Headley, A., Long, K., Martinez, A., Roberts, C., Stavig, M., & Stavig, M. (2017). Thermal and mechanical response of battery insulation materials [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1477933 Publication ID: 53517
  • Rao, R., Clausen, J., Roberts, S., Lechman, J., Wagner, J., Butler, K.S., Bolintineanu, D., Brinker, C.J., Liu, L., & Liu, L. (2017). Continuum modeling of Nanoparticle Transport in the Vasculature [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1477917 Publication ID: 53541
  • Rao, R., Roberts, C., Kaczmarowski, A., Tjiptowidjojo, K., & Tjiptowidjojo, K. (2017). Encapsulation and Porous Imbibition Models of Curing Epoxy [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1480186 Publication ID: 53613
  • Long, K. (2017). The Mechanics of Glass Microballoon Filled Elastomeric Syntactic Foams [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1479038 Publication ID: 53660
  • Owen, S., Owen, S., Brown, J., Long, K., Lim, H., Ernst, C., & Ernst, C. (2017). Hex Mesh Generation for Computational Materials Modeling [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1509955 Publication ID: 53409
  • Jin, H., Carroll, J.D., Long, K., Mills, B., Brown, J., Croom, B., Li, X., & Li, X. (2017). Damage Evolution Of GMBs in Syntactic Foam [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1481346 Publication ID: 53976
  • Kropka, J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2017). Counter-Intuitive Stress Relaxation Behavior of Glass Forming Materials and the Ability of Sandia?s ?Material Clock? Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model to Represent it [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1466533 Publication ID: 58134
  • Brown, J., Steck, D., Brown, J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2017). Effect of Microstructure Constraints on the Homogenized Elastic Constants of Elastomeric Sylgard/GMB Syntactic Foam. https://doi.org/10.2172/1376285 Publication ID: 58082
  • Rao, R., Clausen, J., Liu, L., Aidun, C., & Aidun, C. (2017). A Lattice-Bolzmann based multiscale approach for simulating nanoparticle transport in cellular blood flow [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1464092 Publication ID: 57848
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Long, K., Celina, M.C., Wyatt, N., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Brunini, V., & Brunini, V. (2017). The kinetics of polyurethane structural foam formation: Foaming and polymerization. AIChE Journal, 63(7), pp. 2945-2957. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.15680 Publication ID: 50633
  • Rao, R., Kucala, A., Noble, D., Wang, Y., Templeton, J.A., Louie, D., & Louie, D. (2017). Computational Models for Molten Corium Flow and Reaction with Concrete [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1506917 Publication ID: 57331
  • Owen, S., Brown, J., Ernst, C., Lim, H., Long, K., & Long, K. (2017). Hexahedral Mesh Generation for 3D Computational Materials Modeling [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1574184 Publication ID: 56623
  • Brown, J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2017). Modeling the Effect of Glass Microballoon (GMB) Volume Fraction on Behavior of Sylgard/GMB Composites. https://doi.org/10.2172/1367414 Publication ID: 56224
  • Long, K., Fenton, K., Roberts, C., Wong, D., Grillet, A., Headley, A., Ingersoll, D., & Ingersoll, D. (2017). Open stack thermal battery tests. https://doi.org/10.2172/1411884 Publication ID: 55859
  • Long, K., Brown, J., & Brown, J. (2017). A Linear Viscoelastic Model Calibration of Sylgard 184. https://doi.org/10.2172/1365535 Publication ID: 56085
  • Long, K., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Troyer, K., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2017). Inverse Mold Design To Accommodate Manufacturing Warpage in Chemically Blown PMDI Foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1456535 Publication ID: 55840
  • Long, K. (2017). Damage in Glass Microballoon Filled Syntactic Elastomeric Foams [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1456424 Publication ID: 55645
  • Kropka, J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2017). Counter-Intuitive Stress Relaxation Behavior of Glass Forming Materials and the Ability of Sandia?s ?Material Clock? Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model to Represent it [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1426542 Publication ID: 55295
  • Rao, R., Clausen, J., Lechman, J., Ferraro, M., Roberts, S., Noble, D., Wagner, J., Butler, K.S., Brinker, C.J., & Brinker, C.J. (2017). Towards Modeling Biodistribution of Nanoparticles in Vivo [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1455360 Publication ID: 54815
  • Brown, J., Long, K., Huddleston, B., Jin, H., Carroll, J.D., & Carroll, J.D. (2016). Micromechanics of Damage in Glass Microballoon Filled Syntactic Foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1420814 Publication ID: 47898
  • Jin, H., Carroll, J.D., Mills, B., Long, K., & Long, K. (2016). Damage Evolution Study and Volumetric Deformation Measurement of Sylgard [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1408961 Publication ID: 47729
  • Rao, R., Long, K., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Johnson, K., Brunini, V., Noble, D., Voskuilen, T., & Voskuilen, T. (2016). Polyurethane Foam Expansion Polymerization and Bubble Pressurization [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1410142 Publication ID: 47793
  • Wyatt, N., Giron, N., Long, K., Celina, M.C., Neidigk, M., & Neidigk, M. (2016). Quantifying the Effects of Aging on the Viscoelastic Behavior of Flexible Polyurethane Foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1409900 Publication ID: 47815
  • Stavig, M., Kropka, J., Kaczmarowski, A., Long, K., & Long, K. (2016). Measuring The Cure Shrinkage of Epon(r) 828/T403 Epoxy Through Bi-Material Beam Analysis [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1410214 Publication ID: 47863
  • Rao, R., Roberts, C., Mondy, L., Soehnel, M., Johnson, K., Lorenzo, H., & Lorenzo, H. (2016). Modeling Manufacturing Impacts on Aging and Reliability of Polyurethane Foams. https://doi.org/10.2172/1330196 Publication ID: 47282
  • Huddleston, B., Long, K., & Long, K. (2016). Predicting Strain in Cure Shrinkage Induced Epoxy/Metal Bilayer Beam Bending [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1406853 Publication ID: 47351
  • Kropka, J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2016). Reliability of Aging Polymer Components. https://doi.org/10.2172/1562638 Publication ID: 52425
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Long, K., Brunini, V., Noble, D., Voskuilen, T., Celina, M.C., & Celina, M.C. (2016). The fluid mechanics of polyurethane foam expansion and polymerization [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1376789 Publication ID: 51760
  • Rao, R., Long, K., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Johnson, K., Brunini, V., Noble, D., Voskuilen, T., & Voskuilen, T. (2016). INCLUDING BUBBLE-SCALE INFORMATION IN CONTINUUM FOAM EXPANSION AND AGING MODELS [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1376831 Publication ID: 51802
  • Sasaki, D., Ashley, C., Branda, S., Brinker, C.J., Carnes, E., Greene, A., Hernandez-Sanchez, B.A., Negrete, O., Rao, R., Sava Gallis, D., Ting, C., & Ting, C. (2016). NanoCRISPR Grand Challenge LDRD ? Targeted Delivery of Medical Countermeasures [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1529805 Publication ID: 51625
  • Huddleston, B., Long, K., Brown, J., & Brown, J. (2016). RVE Determination for the Microstructural Analysis of a Syntactic Foam [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1373176 Publication ID: 51340
  • Rao, R., Schunk, P.R., Hariprasad, D., Ortiz, W., Tjiptowidjojo, K., Secor, R., & Secor, R. (2016). 3D Viscoelastic Flow with Free and Moving Boundaries Using a Stabilized Finite Element Method [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1372203 Publication ID: 51125
  • Long, K., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Mondy, L., Johnson, K., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2016). Depressurization and Warpage in Fast Curing Glassy PMDI Foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1372763 Publication ID: 51198
  • Ingraham, M., Bolintineanu, D., Quintana, E.C., Bauer, S., Rao, R., Grillet, A., Lechman, J., & Lechman, J. (2016). Laboratory Scale Hydraulic Fracture of Marcellus Shale [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1367783 Publication ID: 50818
  • Long, K., Huddleston, B., Stavig, M., Kropka, J., & Kropka, J. (2016). Measuring The Cure Shrinkage Epon(r) 828/T403 Epoxy Through Bi-Material Beam Analysis [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1368649 Publication ID: 50604
  • Trembacki, B.L., Roberts, S., Mendoza, H., Long, K., Brunini, V., Grillet, A., Noble, D., & Noble, D. (2016). Mesoscale Modeling of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes: Computational Requirements and the Role of Polymeric Binders [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1368850 Publication ID: 50242
  • Long, K., Kropka, J., Stavig, M., Deng, H., Kaczmarowski, A., & Kaczmarowski, A. (2016). Measurements and Inverse Modeling of Cure Shrinkage in Filled and Unfilled Epoxies [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1365123 Publication ID: 49480
  • Long, K., Roberts, C., Mondy, L., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2016). Depressurization and Warpage in Glassy PMDI Foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1581550 Publication ID: 49304
  • Ingraham, M., Bolintineanu, D., Rao, R., Bauer, S., Quintana, E.C., Lechman, J., & Lechman, J. (2016). Laboratory Scale Hydraulic Fracture of Marcellus Shale [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1365308 Publication ID: 49660
  • Kropka, J., Arechederra, G., McCoy, J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2016). Evolution of Yield Stress during Structural Relaxation for the DGEBA-DEA Epoxy Thermoset [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1346881 Publication ID: 48776
  • Kropka, J., Hoo, J., Arechederra, G., Reprogle, R., Wisler, B., McCoy, J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2016). Relaxation Characteristics of 828DEA Epoxy Over Long Time Periods [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1346883 Publication ID: 48778
  • Kropka, J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2016). Can Stress Relaxation Experiments be used to Assess Deformation Induced Mobility in Glassy Polymers? [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1346896 Publication ID: 48794
  • Ingraham, M., Bolintineanu, D., Rao, R., Bauer, S., Quintana, E.C., Lechman, J., & Lechman, J. (2016). Laboratory Scale Hydraulic Fracture of Marcellus Shale [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1344729 Publication ID: 48457
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Long, K., Brunini, V., Noble, D., Celina, M.C., & Celina, M.C. (2016). THE FLUID MECHANICS OF POLYURETHANE FOAM EXPANSION AND POLYMERIZATION [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1341370 Publication ID: 46832
  • Ingraham, M., Bolintineanu, D., Rao, R., Quintana, E.C., Bauer, S., Lechman, J., & Lechman, J. (2015). Laboratory Scale Hydraulic Fracture and Proppant Injection [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1336281 Publication ID: 41945
  • Rao, R., Ingraham, M., Bolintineanu, D., Grillet, A., Lechman, J., Quintana, E.C., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Bauer, S., & Bauer, S. (2015). Millifluidic Experiments and Models to Elucidate Proppant Flow in Idealized Fractures [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1331849 Publication ID: 46490
  • Mondy, L., Kaczmarowski, A., Rao, R., Grillet, A., Deng, H., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Bower, J., Brooks, C.F., Altobelli, S., & Altobelli, S. (2015). Experiments to characterize particle flotation in a curing epoxy [PowerPoint] [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1338013 Publication ID: 46088
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Long, K., Brunini, V., Noble, D., Celina, M.C., Tinsley, J., & Tinsley, J. (2015). Predicting Density Variation from Polyurethane Process Modeling [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1333260 Publication ID: 46092
  • Rao, R., Schunk, P.R., & Schunk, P.R. (2015). A Galerkin least squares approach to viscoelastic flow. https://doi.org/10.2172/1223166 Publication ID: 45939
  • Long, K., Mendoza, H., Roberts, S., Brunini, V., Grillet, A., & Grillet, A. (2015). Mechanical Deformation of Lithium-Ion Electrode Networks using Reconstructed Microstructures [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1330313 Publication ID: 46254
  • Long, K., Carroll, J.D., Ford, K.R., Stavig, M., & Stavig, M. (2015). Investigating the Mechanics of Sylgard with Crushable Fillers [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1330314 Publication ID: 46255
  • Roberts, C., Long, K., Mondy, L., Deng, H., Stavig, M., Celina, M.C., Soehnel, M., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2015). Measuring and modeling the dimensional stability of high density polyurethane foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1576144 Publication ID: 46271
  • Grillet, A., Humplik, T., Stirrup, E., Snyder, C., Apblett, C., Fenton, K., Barringer, D., Mendoza, H., Roberts, S., Long, K., & Long, K. (2015). The role of polymer composite binder on mechanics and performance of lithium ion battery electrodes [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1334924 Publication ID: 46023
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Ingraham, M., Subia, S., Hopkins, M., Bolintineanu, D., Lechman, J., Altobelli, S., & Altobelli, S. (2015). Continuum Models of Suspension Flow:From Manufacturing to Proppants [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1324589 Publication ID: 45434
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Noble, D., Brunini, V., Roberts, C., Long, K., Soehnel, M., Celina, M.C., Wyatt, N., Thompson, K., & Thompson, K. (2015). A kinetic approach to modeling the manufacture of high density strucutral foam: Foaming and polymerization. https://doi.org/10.2172/1222534 Publication ID: 45723
  • Roberts, S., Roberts, C., Nemer, M., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2015). Drop Circulation in Hele Shaw Flow [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1340031 Publication ID: 44552
  • Ingraham, M., Bolintineanu, D., Rao, R., Bauer, S., Quintana, E.C., Lechman, J., & Lechman, J. (2015). Laboratory Scale Hydraulic Fracture and Proppant Injection [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1327493 Publication ID: 44816
  • Rao, R., Noble, D., Mondy, L., Brunini, V., Roberts, C., Roberts, S., & Roberts, S. (2015). Hybrid ALE-Level Set and ALE-CDFEM Approaches to Modeling Foaming in Punch Molds [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1279668 Publication ID: 44716
  • Rao, R., Noble, D., Mondy, L., Brunini, V., Roberts, C., Roberts, S., & Roberts, S. (2015). A Hybrid ALE-Level Set Approach to Modeling Foaming in Punch Molds [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1279670 Publication ID: 44718
  • Ingraham, M., Bauer, S., Quintana, E.C., Bolintineanu, D., Rao, R., Lechman, J., & Lechman, J. (2015). Effect of proppant on maintaining permeability in a fractured shale [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1256273 Publication ID: 43780
  • Ingraham, M., Bauer, S., Quintana, E.C., Bolintineanu, D., Rao, R., Lechman, J., & Lechman, J. (2015). Effect of proppant on maintaining permeability in fractured shale [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1268975 Publication ID: 44043
  • Carroll, J.D., Long, K., Deibler, L., Ford, K.R., & Ford, K.R. (2015). Mechanical Behavior and Damage Mechanisms of Encapsulant-filled Elastomers [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1256558 Publication ID: 43819
  • Long, K., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Deng, H., Stavig, M., Celina, M.C., Soehnel, M., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2015). Measuring and Modeling the Dimensional Stability of High Density Polyurethane Foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1256252 Publication ID: 43735
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Soehnel, M., Long, K., Brunini, V., Noble, D., Celina, M.C., & Celina, M.C. (2015). A Reaction Kinetics Approach to Polyurethane Foam Expansion and Polymerization [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1256254 Publication ID: 43739
  • Mondy, L., Bieg, L., Spangler, S., Stavig, M., Schroeder, J., Rao, R., DiAntonio, C., & DiAntonio, C. (2015). Multilayer Coextrusion of Polymer Composites to Develop Organic Capacitors. International Polymer Processing, 30(2), pp. 182-193. https://doi.org/10.3139/217.2872 Publication ID: 35650
  • Mendoza, H., Roberts, S., Brunini, V., Long, K., Grillet, A., & Grillet, A. (2015). Mechanical Deformation of Lithium-Ion Electrode Networks using Reconstructed Microstructures [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1255001 Publication ID: 43615
  • Long, K., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., Deng, H., Stavig, M., Celina, M.C., Soehnel, M., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2015). Measuring and Modeling the Dimensional Stability of High Density Polyurethane Foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1255040 Publication ID: 43642
  • Kropka, J., Arechederra, G., Reprogle, R., Clarkson, C., McCoy, J., Long, K., Chambers, R.S., & Chambers, R.S. (2015). Strain Rate Dependence of Compressive Yield and Relaxation in DGEBA Epoxies [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1239263 Publication ID: 42006
  • Ingraham, M., Bauer, S., Quintana, E.C., Bolintineanu, D., Rao, R., Lechman, J., & Lechman, J. (2015). Proppant and host rock deformation in fractured shale [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1240353 Publication ID: 42308
  • Reu, P.L., Quintana, E.C., Long, K., & Long, K. (2015). Using sampling moiré to extract displacement information from X-Ray images of molten salt batteries [Conference]. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06986-9_38 Publication ID: 40816
  • Rao, R., Celina, M.C., Giron, N., Long, K., Russick, E., & Russick, E. (2015). Experiments to Populate and Validate a Processing Model for Polyurethane Foam: Additional Data for Structural Foams. https://doi.org/10.2172/1169443 Publication ID: 41394
  • Ingraham, M., Bauer, S., Bolintineanu, D., Rao, R., Lechman, J., Quintana, E.C., & Quintana, E.C. (2014). Effect of proppant on maintaining permeability in fractured shale: Status [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1315093 Publication ID: 39919
  • Long, K., Rao, R., Mondy, L., Roberts, C., & Roberts, C. (2014). On The Effects of Manufacturing on the Dimensional Stability of Chemically Blown Polyurethane Foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1505055 Publication ID: 39534
  • Rao, R., Schunk, P.R., Hopkins, M., Roberts, S., & Roberts, S. (2014). Goma 6.0 [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1242112 Publication ID: 39316
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Noble, D., Celina, M.C., Roberts, S., Shelden, B., & Shelden, B. (2014). A Level Set Method for Foam Expansion and Property Prediction [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1315258 Publication ID: 37677
  • Clausen, J., Roberts, S., Martinez, M.J., Long, K., & Long, K. (2014). Developing a coupled thermal-mechanical-porous model for electrolyte flow in a molten salt battery [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1497356 Publication ID: 37948
  • Roberts, S., Noble, D., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2014). Improved Level-Set Algorithm for High Density-Ratio and Variable Density Flows [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1496682 Publication ID: 37595
  • Roberts, C., Brooks, C.F., Hughes, L., Wyatt, N., Rao, R., Nemer, M., & Nemer, M. (2014). Drop mass transfer in a microfluidic chip compared to a centrifugal contactor. AIChE Journal, 60(8), pp. 3071-3078. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.14510 Publication ID: 36647
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  • Long, K., Clausen, J., Martinez, M.J., Piekos, E.S., Grillet, A., & Grillet, A. (2014). Towards a Coupled Multiphysics Model of Molten Salt Battery Mechanics [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1146871 Publication ID: 41113
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  • Mondy, L., Rao, R., Shelden, B., Soehnel, M., Grillet, A., Roberts, C., Soehnel, G., Wyatt, N., Celina, M.C., & Celina, M.C. (2014). Copy of Rheology of Polyurethane Foam during its Manufacture [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1146721 Publication ID: 40977
  • Rao, R., Long, K., Mondy, L., Noble, D., Shelden, B., Soehnel, M., Grillet, A., Celina, M.C., & Celina, M.C. (2014). Cradle-to-grave Modeling of Structural Foam [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1145916 Publication ID: 40881
  • Rao, R., Kropka, J., Russick, E., Mondy, L., Long, K., Noble, D., Shelden, B., Grillet, A., Celina, M.C., Soehnel, M., & Soehnel, M. (2014). Foam Property Prediction from Process Modeling [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1706388 Publication ID: 40487
  • Mondy, L., Bauer, S., Hileman, M.B., Thompson, K., Rao, R., Shelden, B., Soehnel, M., O’Hern, T., Grillet, A., Celina, M.C., Wyatt, N., Russick, E., & Russick, E. (2014). Experiments to populate and validate a processing model for polyurethane foam. BKC 44306 PMDI-10. https://doi.org/10.2172/1177086 Publication ID: 40501
  • Roberts, C., Brooks, C.F., Hughes, L., Wyatt, N., Rao, R., Nemer, M., & Nemer, M. (2014). Copy of Copy of Drop Mass Transfer in a Microfluidic Chip Compared to a Centrifugal Contactor (Version 3). AIChE Journal. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1141766 Publication ID: 40154
  • Long, K. (2014). The mechanics of network polymers with thermally reversible linkages. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. https://doi.org/10.2172/1055641 Publication ID: 30078
  • Roberts, S., Brunini, V., Long, K., Grillet, A., & Grillet, A. (2014). A framework for three-dimensional mesoscale modeling of anisotropic swelling and mechanical deformation in lithium-ion electrodes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 161(11), pp. F3052-F3059. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0081411jes Publication ID: 37429
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Long, K., Celina, M.C., Noble, D., Shelden, B., & Shelden, B. (2013). Foam Property Prediction from Process Modeling [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1123285 Publication ID: 31920
  • Roberts, C., Brooks, C.F., Hughes, L., Wyatt, N., Rao, R., Nemer, M., & Nemer, M. (2013). Copy of Drop Mass Transfer in a Microfluidic Chip Compared to a Centrifugal Contactor. AIChE Journal. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1123268 Publication ID: 31921
  • Long, K. (2013). Thermal-Mechanics of Network Polymers with Diels-Alder Linkages [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1143445 Publication ID: 36646
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Noble, D., Schunk, P.R., & Schunk, P.R. (2013). Modeling Polymeric Manufacturing Flows [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1673851 Publication ID: 31670
  • Roberts, C., Nemer, M., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2013). Circulation within Confined Droplets in Hele-Shaw Channels. Physics of Fluids. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1117111 Publication ID: 36482
  • Rao, R., Noble, D., & Noble, D. (2013). USNCCM-11: Computational fluid mechanics for free and moving boundary problems. Computers and Fluids, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2013.09.023 Publication ID: 35523
  • Rao, R., Mondy, L., Celina, M.C., Noble, D., Clausen, J., Shelden, B., Jove-Colon, C., & Jove-Colon, C. (2013). Manufacturing models for foam processing [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1115039 Publication ID: 35423
  • Mondy, L., Rao, R., Shelden, B., Soehnel, M., Celina, M.C., Wyatt, N., Russick, E., Thompson, K., & Thompson, K. (2013). Experimental Characterization of Polyurethane Foam Processing [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1732190 Publication ID: 35435
  • Rao, R., Noble, D., Brotherton, C., Roberts, C., Nemer, M., & Nemer, M. (2013). A Comparison of the Conformal Decomposition Finite Element Method to the Level Set Method for Microfluidic Flows [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1106585 Publication ID: 34598
  • Noble, D., Rao, R., & Rao, R. (2013). Improved Level-Set Algorithm for High Density-Ratio and Variable Density Flows [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1140781 Publication ID: 34706
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April 10, 2023