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Joining engineering ceramics
Joining ceramics to metals requires solutions to both scientific and practical engineering problems. Scientific issues include understanding the fundamental nature of adhesion at metal-ceramic interfaces, predicting interfacial reactions, and understanding the relation between chemical bonding and mechanical stresses at the interface on the atomic level. Engineering a specific ceramic-metal joint requires finding the optimum among what may be inherently incompatible properties. The following review briefly outlines some of the different methods for joining ceramics. Following that, some fundamental aspects of ceramic joining are presented. The paper concludes with examples of ceramic bonding in several engineering ceramic systems.