Detonation in multilayer explosives: Effects of characteristic length scale of mixing

A graphic indicates testing measurements

Predicting explosive performance at length scales near the minimum needed for a detonation to propagate is often a challenge—surrounding materials, non-ideal interfaces, sample geometry, and local microstructure variations can all significantly impact explosive output. For accurate predictions of performance, reactive burn models are needed that can capture the details around the growth or failure of reactions leading to detonation, which requires detailed experimental information for model parameterization.

Researchers on this LDRD team developed a high throughput experimental setup utilizing laser-driven flyers with photon Doppler velocimetry diagnostics and an array of vapor-deposited explosive films to characterize both initiation thresholds and the growth of reactions leading to detonation. This data was used to parameterize new burn models, which are enabling predictions of explosive performance at small scales, including the effects of non-ideal interfaces.  

This work led to two publications in the Journal of Applied Physics (1) (2) in 2022 using high-throughput initiation experiments to calibrate predictive simulations.

Testing data is shown in three graphs.
Sandia’s high-throughput initiation experiment uses an array of laser driven flyers to impact small explosive samples (left), providing data on the growth of reactions leading to detonation (middle), which can be used to parameterize predictive simulations (right).

Sandia researchers linked to work

  • Robert Knepper
  • David Kittell
  • Alexander Tappan

Sponsored by

Image of LDRD_Icon-01

Associated Publications

  • Kittell, D.E., Abere, M., Yarrington, C.D., Adams, D., & Adams, D. (2022). 3D simulations of spinlike flames in Co/Al multilayers with enhanced conduction losses. Combustion and Flame, 240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111952 Publication ID: 79969
  • Knepper, R., Rupper, S., DeJong, S., Marquez, M., Kittell, D.E., Schmitt, R., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2022). Investigating growth to detonation in vapor-deposited hexanitrostilbene and pentaerythritol tetranitrate films using high-throughput methods. Journal of Applied Physics, 131(15). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0080515 Publication ID: 80465
  • Kittell, D.E., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2022). Reactive burn model calibration using high-throughput initiation experiments at sub-millimeter length scales. Journal of Applied Physics, 131(15). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0082474 Publication ID: 80767
  • Perez, C., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Forrest, E.C., Tappan, A., Asheghi, M., Goodson, K.E., Ziade, E.O., & Ziade, E.O. (2022). Non-Contact Mass Density and Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Organic Thin Films Using Frequency–Domain Thermoreflectance. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202101404 Publication ID: 76794
  • Cole-Filipiak, N., Knepper, R., Wood, M., Ramasesha, K., & Ramasesha, K. (2021). Mode-Selective Vibrational Energy Transfer Dynamics in 1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) Thin Films. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 125(36), pp. 7788-7802. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04800 Publication ID: 75464
  • Knepper, R., Kittell, D.E., Rupper, S., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2021). High-Throughput Initiation: Experiments and Modeling [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1844827 Publication ID: 76078
  • Forrest, E.C., Knepper, R., Brumbach, M.T., Rodriguez, M.A., Archuleta, K., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2021). Engineering the Microstructure and Morphology of Explosive Films via Control of Interfacial Energy. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 13(1), pp. 1670-1681. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c10193 Publication ID: 72355
  • Peguero, J.C., Forrest, E.C., Knepper, R., Hargather, M.J., Tappan, A., Marquez, M., Vasiliauskas, J.G., Rupper, S., & Rupper, S. (2021). Refractive Imaging of Air Shock Above Microscale Defects in Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Films. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 46(1), pp. 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202000029 Publication ID: 74737
  • Kittell, D.E. (2020). Addressing the Gap between Meso(grain) and Continuum Scales with Stochastic Burn Models and Probability Density Function Theory [Conference Poster]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85096451216&origin=inward Publication ID: 69218
  • O’Grady, C., Marquez, M., Rupper, S., Vasiliauskas, J.G., Knepper, R., Son, S.F., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2020). Investigating Typical Additive Manufacturing Defect Geometries using Physical Vapor Deposition Explosives as a Model System [Conference Poster]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85096454443&origin=inward Publication ID: 69234
  • Kerschen, N.E., Kittell, D.E., & Kittell, D.E. (2020). An improved temperature-dependent specific heat model for unreacted explosive equations of state [Conference Poster]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85096443972&origin=inward Publication ID: 70071
  • O’Grady, C., Marquez, M., Rupper, S., Vasiliauskas, J.G., Knepper, R., Son, S., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2020). Investigating Typical Additive Manufacturing Defect Geometries using Physical Vapor Deposition Explosives as a Model System [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1063/12.0000893 Publication ID: 73320
  • Knepper, R., Kittell, D.E., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2020). Shock Interactions in Multilayer Explosive Films [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1063/12.0000900 Publication ID: 73047
  • Alam, M., Beste, A., Martin, L., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., & Marquez, M. (2020). Thin films for Characterization of Aging Using ATR/FTIR spectroscopy [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1021/scimeetings.0c01170 Publication ID: 73122
  • Brown, J., Kittell, D.E., Wood, M., Thompson, A., Bolintineanu, D., & Bolintineanu, D. (2020). Multiscale modeling to study effects of microstructure in shocked hexanitrostilbene [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1767897 Publication ID: 72758
  • Miller, C., Kittell, D.E., Yarrington, C.D., Zhou, M., & Zhou, M. (2020). Prediction of Probabilistic Detonation Threshold via Millimeter-Scale Microstructure-Explicit and Void-Explicit Simulations. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 45(2), pp. 254-269. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201900214 Publication ID: 69226
  • Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Stacy, S., Marquez, M., O’Grady, C., Vasiliauskas, J.G., Rupper, S., Ball, J.P., & Ball, J.P. (2020). Advanced Manufacturing of Energetic Materials [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1760998 Publication ID: 70667
  • Ziade, E., Perez, C., Forrest, E.C., Marquez, M., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2019). Non-contact Density and Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Encased Organic Thin-Films and Thin-Film Explosives [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1643524 Publication ID: 66616
  • Kittell, D.E., Abere, M., Adams, D., & Adams, D. (2019). 3D Simulations of Reaction Front Dynamics in a 1:1 Co/Al Reactive Multilayer System [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1643516 Publication ID: 66640
  • Kittell, D.E. (2019). ATA/1558 Interchange EOS for Shock [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1646359 Publication ID: 66788
  • Forrest, E.C., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., Peguero, J.C., Rodriguez, M.A., & Rodriguez, M.A. (2019). Functionally Grading Density in Thin Films of Energetic Materials for Detonation Wave Shaping [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1643581 Publication ID: 66560
  • Shand, L., Knepper, R., Bolintineanu, D., Wilson, L., Kittell, D.E., & Kittell, D.E. (2019). Nonstationary Spatial Methods for Microstructure Reconstruction [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1641429 Publication ID: 70175
  • Cole-Filipiak, N., Marquez, M., Knepper, R., Harmon, R., Wiese-Smith, D., Schrader, P., Wood, M., Ramasesha, K., & Ramasesha, K. (2019). Ultrafast Spectroscopic Studies of Vibrational Energy Transfer in Energetic Materials [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1640776 Publication ID: 69151
  • Cole-Filipiak, N., Marquez, M., Knepper, R., Harmon, R., Wiese-Smith, D., Schrader, P., Wood, M., Ramasesha, K., & Ramasesha, K. (2019). Ultrafast Spectroscopic Studies of Vibrational Energy Transfer in Energetic Materials [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1640777 Publication ID: 69152
  • Kerschen, N.E., Kittell, D.E., & Kittell, D.E. (2019). An Improved Temperatrue-Dependent Specific Heat Model for Unreacted Explosive Equations of State [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1640794 Publication ID: 69179
  • Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Park, S., Schmitt, R., Rupper, S., Vasiliauskas, J.G., O’Grady, C., Stacy, S., Marquez, M., & Marquez, M. (2019). High-Throughput Initiation: Flyer and Thin-Film Explosive Characterization [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1640831 Publication ID: 69233
  • Knepper, R., Kittell, D.E., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2019). Shock Interactions in Multilayer Explosive Films [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1640726 Publication ID: 69080
  • Brown, J., Kittell, D.E., Wood, M., Thompson, A., Bolintineanu, D., & Bolintineanu, D. (2019). Multiscale modeling to determine the effect of porosity distribution on shocked hexanitrostilbene [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1640149 Publication ID: 68747
  • Brown, J., Kittell, D.E., Wood, M., Thompson, A., Bolintineanu, D., & Bolintineanu, D. (2019). Multiscale modeling to determine the effect of porosity distribution on shocked hexanitrostilbene [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1639905 Publication ID: 68356
  • Forrest, E.C., Peguero, J.C., Hargather, M., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Marquez, M., Vasiliauskas, J.G., Rupper, S., & Rupper, S. (2018). Effect of Microscale Defects on Shock and Detonation Propagation in Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Films [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1594289 Publication ID: 59430
  • Tuttle, L.W., Schmitt, R.G., Kittell, D.E., Harstad, E.N., & Harstad, E.N. (2018). Modeling Multi-Shock Scenarios with XHVRB [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1593649 Publication ID: 59456
  • Tuttle, L.W., Marinis, R., Schmitt, R.G., Kittell, D.E., Harstad, E.N., & Harstad, E.N. (2018). Desensitization in Multi-Dimensional Scenarios [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1806972 Publication ID: 59550
  • Kuether, R., Allensworth, B., Backer, A., Chen, E., Dingreville, R., Forrest, E.C., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Marquez, M., Vasiliauskas, J.G., Rupper, S., Grant, M., Atencio, L., Hipple, T., Maes, D., Timlin, J., Ma, T., Garcia, R., Danford, F., … Swiler, L. (2018). Posters for AA/CE Reception [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1592652 Publication ID: 59884
  • Kittell, D.E., Yarrington, C.D., Bolintineanu, D., Lechman, J., Wood, M., Knepper, R., Olles, J.D., Thompson, A., Wixom, R.R., & Wixom, R.R. (2018). Mesoscale Modeling of Explosives at Sandia National Laboratories: Past and Future Directions a GA Tech Graduate Seminar Series Lecture [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1592241 Publication ID: 58971
  • Tappan, A., Yarrington, C.D., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2018). Detonation corner turning in vapor-deposited explosives using the micromushroom test [Conference Poster]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5044913 Publication ID: 57216
  • Tuttle, L.W., Schmitt, R.G., Kittell, D.E., Harstad, E.N., & Harstad, E.N. (2018). Evaluation of XHVRB for capturing shock desensitization [Conference Poster]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5044916 Publication ID: 57217
  • Knepper, R., Forrest, E.C., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2018). Effect of microstructure on the detonation behavior of vapor-deposited pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) films [Conference Poster]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85049786981&origin=inward Publication ID: 57219
  • Yarrington, C.D., Tappan, A., Specht, P., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2018). Quasi-isentropic compression of vapor-deposited hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB): Experiments and analysis [Conference Poster]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5044998 Publication ID: 58352
  • Kittell, D.E., Schmitt, R.G., Tuttle, L.W., Harstad, E.N., & Harstad, E.N. (2018). Implementation of a CREST multistate reactive burn model in CTH for two solid high explosives [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1532450 Publication ID: 62912
  • Tappan, A., Marquez, M., Vasiliauskas, J.G., Rupper, S., Park, S., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2018). Detonation behavior in vapor-deposited 34-bis(4-nitro-125-oxadiazol-3-yl)-125-oxadiazole 2-oxide (BNFF) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1806675 Publication ID: 63175
  • Forrest, E.C., Peguero, J.C., Hargather, M., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Marquez, M., Vasiliauskas, J.G., Rupper, S., & Rupper, S. (2018). Effect of Microscale Defects on Shock and Detonation Propagation in Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Films [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1532597 Publication ID: 62930
  • Yarrington, C.D., Kittell, D.E., Bolintineanu, D., Lechman, J., Wood, M., Knepper, R., Olles, J.D., Thompson, A., Wixom, R.R., & Wixom, R.R. (2018). Mesoscale Modeling of Explosives at Sandia National Laboratories: Past and Future Directions [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1532456 Publication ID: 62935
  • Yarrington, C.D., Kittell, D.E., Bolintineanu, D., Lechman, J., Wood, M., Knepper, R., Olles, J.D., Thompson, A., Wixom, R.R., & Wixom, R.R. (2018). Mesoscale Modeling of Explosives at Sandia National Laboratories: Past and Future Directions [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1532457 Publication ID: 62936
  • Tuttle, L.W., Marinis, R., Schmitt, R.G., Kittell, D.E., Harstad, E.N., & Harstad, E.N. (2018). Desensitization in Multi-Dimensional Scenarios [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1532608 Publication ID: 62938
  • Tuttle, L.W., Schmitt, R.G., Kittell, D.E., Harstad, E.N., & Harstad, E.N. (2018). Modeling Multi-Shock Scenarios with XHVRB [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1532609 Publication ID: 62939
  • Tuttle, L.W., Marinis, R., Schmitt, R.G., Kittell, D.E., Harstad, E.N., & Harstad, E.N. (2018). Desensitization in Multi-Dimensional Scenarios [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1532610 Publication ID: 62940
  • Tuttle, L.W., Schmitt, R.G., Kittell, D.E., Harstad, E.N., & Harstad, E.N. (2018). Modeling Multi-Shock Scenarios with XHVRB [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1532640 Publication ID: 62944
  • Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2018). Effects of confinement on the detonation behavior of vapor-deposited hexanitrostilbene (HNS) films [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1531090 Publication ID: 62831
  • Park, S., Armstrong, M., Kohl, I., Zaug, J., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Bastea, S., Kay, J., & Kay, J. (2018). Ultrafast Shock-Induced Reactions in Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Thin Films [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05387 Publication ID: 62856
  • Kittell, D.E., Schmitt, R.G., Tuttle, L.W., Harstad, E.N., & Harstad, E.N. (2018). Implementation of a CREST multistate reactive burn model in CTH for two solid high explosives [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1531303 Publication ID: 62899
  • Olles, J.D., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., Yarrington, C.D., Patel, R., Stepanov, V., & Stepanov, V. (2018). Development of nano-TATB and comparison of detonation spreading with pressed ultra-fine TATB [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1525353 Publication ID: 62401
  • Knepper, R., Forrest, E.C., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2018). Effect of Microstructure on Detonation Behavior of Vapor-Deposited Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Films [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5044978 Publication ID: 61997
  • Wood, M., Kittell, D.E., Yarrington, C.D., Thompson, A., & Thompson, A. (2018). Shock Initiation at the Mesoscale: Bridging Atomistic and Continuum Simulation [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1524823 Publication ID: 62333
  • Tappan, A., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2018). There?s plenty of room in the middle — microenergeticsthe mesoscale and interfaces [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1524695 Publication ID: 62344
  • Kittell, D.E., Yarrington, C.D., Lechman, J., Baer, M.R., & Baer, M.R. (2018). Letter: Modeling reactive shock waves in heterogeneous solids at the continuum level with stochastic differential equations. Physics of Fluids, 30(5). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5031775 Publication ID: 61359
  • Kittell, D.E., Yarrington, C.D., Hobbs, M., Abere, M., Adams, D., & Adams, D. (2018). A diffusion-limited reaction model for self-propagating Al/Pt multilayers with quench limits. Journal of Applied Physics, 123(14). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5025820 Publication ID: 60388
  • Bolintineanu, D., Lechman, J., Bond, S., Yarrington, C.D., Knepper, R., Kramer, S., Waymel, R., Quintana, E.C., Long, K., & Long, K. (2018). Data analysis of heterogeneous materials: applications to energetic materials and polymer foams [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1504826 Publication ID: 61330
  • Yarrington, C.D., Tappan, A., Specht, P., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2018). Quasi-Isentropic Compression of Vapor-Deposited HNAB — Experiments and Analysis [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5044998 Publication ID: 60761
  • Tappan, A., Yarrington, C.D., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2018). Detonation Corner Turning in Vapor-Deposited Explosives Using the Micromushroom Test [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5044913 Publication ID: 60926
  • Knepper, R., Forrest, E.C., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2018). Effect of Microstructure on the Detonation Behavior of Vapor-Deposited Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Films [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5044978 Publication ID: 58574
  • Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2017). Physical Vapor Deposition of Explosive Materials [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1478156 Publication ID: 53560
  • Tuttle, L.W., Schmitt, R.G., Kittell, D.E., Harstad, E.N., Marinis, R., & Marinis, R. (2017). Evaluation of XHVRB for Capturing Explosive Desensitization in CTH [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1478723 Publication ID: 53645
  • Park, S., Armstrong, M., Kohl, I., Zaug, J., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Bastea, S., Kay, J., & Kay, J. (2017). Ultrafast Shock Interrogation and Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Shocked Thin-Film Explosives [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1481247 Publication ID: 53963
  • Kay, J., Park, S., Kohl, I., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2017). Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Shock-Induced Reactions in Energetic Materials. https://doi.org/10.2172/1395647 Publication ID: 53171
  • Tappan, A., Marquez, M., Vasiliauskas, J.G., Rupper, S., O’Grady, C., Ball, J.P., Wixom, R.R., Yarrington, C.D., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2017). Detonation in vapor-deposited explosives [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1470684 Publication ID: 58366
  • Yarrington, C.D., Tappan, A., Specht, P., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2017). Quasi-Isentropic Compression of Vapor-Deposited HNAB — Experiments and Analysis [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5044998 Publication ID: 58253
  • Wood, M., Kittell, D.E., Yarrington, C.D., Thompson, A., & Thompson, A. (2017). Multiscale Analysis of Cavity Collapse in High Explosives [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1508720 Publication ID: 58022
  • Tuttle, L.W., Schmitt, R.G., Kittell, D.E., Harstad, E.N., & Harstad, E.N. (2017). Evaluation of XHVRB for Capturing Shock Desensitization [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5044916 Publication ID: 58317
  • Wood, M., Kittell, D.E., Yarrington, C.D., Thompson, A., & Thompson, A. (2017). Shock Waves and Defects in Energetic Materials a Match Made in MD Heaven [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1460153 Publication ID: 57159
  • O’Grady, C., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Marquez, M., & Marquez, M. (2017). Micro-Sandwich Test of Vapor-Deposited Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1507510 Publication ID: 57423
  • Olles, J.D., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Yarrington, C.D., & Yarrington, C.D. (2017). Growth to detonation in hexanitrostilbene (HNS) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1462938 Publication ID: 57693
  • Forrest, E.C., Knepper, R., Brumbach, M., Archuleta, K., Marquez, M., Tran, H., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2017). Influence of surface contamination on the microstructure and morphology of vapor-deposited pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) films [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1460259 Publication ID: 57193
  • Farrow, D., Abere, M., Rupper, S., Park, S., Tappan, A., Adams, D., & Adams, D. (2017). Emissivity corrected pyrometry of reactive multilayers [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1460260 Publication ID: 57194
  • Ostrander, J., Zanni, M., Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Kay, J., Farrow, D., & Farrow, D. (2017). Energy Transfer Between Coherently Delocalized States in Thin Film PETN Revealed by 2D IR Spectroscopy [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1460261 Publication ID: 57195
  • Park, S., Armstrong, M., Zaug, J., Kohl, I., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Bastea, S., Kay, J., & Kay, J. (2017). Ultrafast Shock Interrogation of Polycrystalline Energetic Materials [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1460264 Publication ID: 57200
  • Olles, J.D., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., Yarrington, C.D., Patel, R., Stepanov, V., & Stepanov, V. (2017). Comparison of detonation spreading in pressed ultra-fine and nano-TATB [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1506584 Publication ID: 57228
  • Olles, J.D., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., Reedy, T., Ball, J.P., Ritchey, M., & Ritchey, M. (2017). Characterizing the initiation performance of CL-20 based detonators [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1476787 Publication ID: 56959
  • Olles, J.D., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., Ball, J.P., Ritchey, M., Reedy, T., & Reedy, T. (2017). Characterizing the initiation performance of CL-20 based detonators [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1457880 Publication ID: 56157
  • Kittell, D.E., Yarrington, C.D., Wood, M., Thompson, A., & Thompson, A. (2017). Multiscale Analysis and Comparison of Cavity Collapse in High Explosives [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1367289 Publication ID: 56444
  • Marquez, M., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2017). Physical Vapor Deposition of Explosive Materials [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1457984 Publication ID: 56308
  • Wood, M., Kittell, D.E., Yarrington, C.D., Thompson, A., & Thompson, A. (2017). Shock Waves and Defects in Energetic Materials a Match Made in MD Heaven [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1507631 Publication ID: 55321
  • Yarrington, C.D., Thompson, A., Kittell, D.E., Wood, M., & Wood, M. (2017). L2 Milestone: Multiscale Analysis and Comparisons of Cavity Collapse in High Explosives [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1456388 Publication ID: 55550
  • Ostrander, J.S., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Kay, J., Zanni, M.T., Farrow, D., & Farrow, D. (2017). Energy Transfer between Coherently Delocalized States in Thin Films of the Explosive Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Revealed by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy [Conference Poster]. Journal of Physical Chemistry B. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09879 Publication ID: 54944
  • Knepper, R., Wixom, R.R., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2017). Near-failure detonation behavior of vapor-deposited hexanitrostilbene (HNS) films [Conference Poster]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85017020787&origin=inward Publication ID: 43927
  • Tappan, A., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2017). Geometry effects on detonation in vapor-deposited hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) [Conference Poster]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85016942135&origin=inward Publication ID: 43949
  • Kay, J., Wixom, R.R., Jilek, B.A., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Damm, D.L., & Damm, D.L. (2017). Spectroscopic analysis of time-resolved emission from detonating thin film explosive samples [Conference Poster]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4971460 Publication ID: 44502
  • Heller, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2017). Europa Lander Material Selection Considerations. https://doi.org/10.2172/1340635 Publication ID: 52900
  • Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2017). Physical vapor deposition of explosive materials: Microstructure and Detonative Behavior [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1417452 Publication ID: 52817
  • Heller, M., Voskuilen, T., Hewson, J., Lane, T.W., Ison, A., Napier, M., Tappan, A., Nandy, P., Olszewska-Wasiolek, M., & Olszewska-Wasiolek, M. (2017). Europa Lander Alternative Sterilization Techniques Trade Study [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1418110 Publication ID: 52897
  • Wixom, R.R., Jilek, B.A., Fan, H., Knepper, R., Damm, D., Park, S., Kohl, I., Farrow, D., & Farrow, D. (2017). Matter in Extreme Conditions: Probing Shock-Induced Reactions in Explosive Materials [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1418115 Publication ID: 52910
  • Olles, J.D., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Yarrington, C.D., & Yarrington, C.D. (2016). Growth to detonation in hexanitrostilbene (HNS) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1415102 Publication ID: 48342
  • Heller, M., Napier, M., Ison, A., Voskuilen, T., Hewson, J., Tappan, A., Lane, T.W., Olszewska-Wasiolek, M., Nandy, P., & Nandy, P. (2016). JPL/SNL Europa Lander Project Termination Sterilization Subsystem (TSS) Thermal Feasibility [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1406955 Publication ID: 47485
  • Kittell, D.E., Yarrington, C.D., & Yarrington, C.D. (2016). A physically-based Mie–Grüneisen equation of state to determine hot spot temperature distributions. Combustion Theory and Modelling, 20(5), pp. 941-957. https://doi.org/10.1080/13647830.2016.1201145 Publication ID: 45200
  • Yarrington, C.D., Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Wixom, R.R., & Wixom, R.R. (2016). Modeling the Critical Thickness Experiment for HNS [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1398320 Publication ID: 52421
  • Kittell, D.E. (2016). Analysis and Simulation of Small Scale Microwave Interferometer Experiments on Non-Ideal Explosives. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1561835 Publication ID: 51810
  • Hoss, D.J., Knepper, R., Hotchkiss, P., Tappan, A., Boudouris, B.W., Beaudoin, S.P., & Beaudoin, S.P. (2016). An evaluation of complementary approaches to elucidate fundamental interfacial phenomena driving adhesion of energetic materials. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 473, pp. 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.03.024 Publication ID: 49096
  • Olles, J.D., Wixom, R.R., Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Yarrington, C.D., & Yarrington, C.D. (2016). Velocimetry used to determine growth to detonation in hexanitrostilbene (HNS) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1367738 Publication ID: 50797
  • Wixom, R.R., Olles, J.D., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Yarrington, C.D., & Yarrington, C.D. (2016). Observing growth to detonation in HNS using photonic Doppler velocimetry [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1368884 Publication ID: 50310
  • Tappan, A., Marquez, M., Ball, J.P., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2016). Detonation Failure in Vapor-Deposited Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1368902 Publication ID: 50334
  • Park, S., Rupper, S., Enos, D., Alam, M., Martin, L., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Leung, K., Kliewer, C.J., Farrow, D., & Farrow, D. (2016). In situ study of Surface-mediated Explosive Degradation Using Heterodyne IR-Vis Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1368736 Publication ID: 50382
  • Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Wixom, R.R., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2016). Effects of confinement on near-failure detonation behavior in vapor-deposited hexanitrostilbene (HNS) and hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) films [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1368812 Publication ID: 50198
  • Farrow, D., Kohl, I., Alam, M., Martin, L., Rupper, S., Fan, H., Bian, K., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Kay, J., & Kay, J. (2016). Measuring and modeling the electronic structure of explosives at the explosive/air interface [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1368877 Publication ID: 50269
  • O’Grady, C., Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., & Marquez, M. (2016). Micro-Sandwich Test of Vapor-Deposited Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1368701 Publication ID: 50282
  • Yarrington, C.D., Kittell, D.E., Tappan, A., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2016). HNS Critical Thickness Reactive Burn Modeling [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1367001 Publication ID: 49777
  • Olles, J.D., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Yarrington, C.D., & Yarrington, C.D. (2016). Velocimetry used to determine growth to detonation in hexanitrostilbene (HNS) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1581538 Publication ID: 49499
  • Alam, M., Knepper, R., Doyle, B.L., Auden, E., Kohl, I., Farrow, D., Leung, K., Enos, D., Martin, L., Marquez, M., Rupper, S., & Rupper, S. (2016). In situ study of surface-mediated explosive degradation using Heterodyne IR-Vis Sum Frequency Generation (HSFG) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1422139 Publication ID: 48703
  • Farrow, D., Martin, L., Rupper, S., Alam, M., Kohl, I., Kearney, S., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Kay, J., & Kay, J. (2016). Measuring HOMO/LUMO gap of explosive film at air interface using UV/Vis ATR [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1346796 Publication ID: 48761
  • Kay, J., Wixom, R.R., Jilek, B.A., Knepper, R., Farrow, D., Kohl, I., Damm, D., & Damm, D. (2016). Probing mechanisms of shock-induced reactions in explosive materials [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1422154 Publication ID: 46874
  • Farrow, D., Kohl, I., Alam, M., Martin, L., Rupper, S., Fan, H., Bian, K., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Kay, J., & Kay, J. (2015). Measuring and modeling the electronic structure of explosives at the explosive/air interface [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1336287 Publication ID: 41952
  • Farrow, D., Knepper, R., Doyle, B.L., Auden, E., Kohl, I., Alam, M., Leung, K., Enos, D., Martin, L., Marquez, M., Rupper, S., & Rupper, S. (2015). In situ study of surface-mediated explosive degradation using Heterodyne IR-Vis Sum Frequency Generation [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1505679 Publication ID: 45688
  • Wixom, R.R., Olles, J.D., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Yarrington, C.D., & Yarrington, C.D. (2015). Characterization of HNS and PETN initiation via thin-film cutbacks [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1877826 Publication ID: 45694
  • Wixom, R.R., Yarrington, C.D., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Olles, J.D., Zelenok, M., & Zelenok, M. (2015). Characterizing the build-up to detonation in PETN and HNS with small-scale PDV cutback experiments [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1327231 Publication ID: 45696
  • Farrow, D., Farrow, D., Kohl, I., Kohl, I., Rupper, S., Rupper, S., Alam, M., Alam, M., Martin, L., Martin, L., Fan, H., Fan, H., Bian, K., Bian, K., Knepper, R., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Marquez, M., Kay, J., Kay, J., & Kay, J. (2015). Pressure dependence of electronic states in secondary explosives: comparison between bulk and air/explosive interface [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1530969 Publication ID: 44835
  • Farrow, D., Kohl, I., Rupper, S., Alam, M., Martin, L., Fan, H., Bian, K., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Kay, J., & Kay, J. (2015). Pressure dependence of electronic states in secondary explosives: comparison between bulk and air/explosive interface [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1263973 Publication ID: 44385
  • Tappan, A., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2015). Geometry Effects on Detonation in Vapor-Deposited Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1279659 Publication ID: 44706
  • Knepper, R., Wixom, R.R., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2015). Near-Failure Detonation Behavior of Vapor-Deposited Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) films [Conference Poster]. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4971472 Publication ID: 44500
  • Shan, T., Thompson, A., Yarrington, C.D., Kittell, D.E., Wixom, R.R., & Wixom, R.R. (2015). Atomistic Simulation of Initiation in Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1263501 Publication ID: 44050
  • Farrow, D., Alam, M., Martin, L., Fan, H., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Kearney, S., & Kearney, S. (2015). Pressure dependence of Raman spectra to validate DFT EOS of Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1331570 Publication ID: 44087
  • Kay, J., Wixom, R.R., Jilek, B.A., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2015). Spectroscopic Analysis of Time-Resolved Emission from Detonating Explosive Samples [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1257562 Publication ID: 43933
  • Yarrington, C.D., Wixom, R.R., Kittell, D.E., Thompson, A., Shan, T., & Shan, T. (2015). Grain Scale Modeling — Impact of Constitutive Models [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1257685 Publication ID: 43978
  • Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Jilek, B.A., Zelenok, M., Kay, J., Farrow, D., Ball, J.P., & Ball, J.P. (2015). Time-Resolved Optical Measurements of Shock-Induced Chemistry in Energetic Materials [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1248677 Publication ID: 42944
  • Kay, J., Wixom, R.R., Jilek, B.A., Farrow, D., Kearney, S., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2015). Probing Mechanisms of Shock-Induced Reactions in Explosive Materials [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1531283 Publication ID: 42088
  • Farrow, D., Kohl, I., Fan, H., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Kearney, S., Kay, J., & Kay, J. (2015). Pressure dependence of electronic states in secondary explosives [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1504191 Publication ID: 41391
  • Jilek, B.A., Kohl, I., Farrow, D., Urayama, J., Knepper, R., Radtke, G., Kearney, S., & Kearney, S. (2014). Unreacted Equations of State of Sylgard and Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) Determined by Ultrafast Time Domain Interferometry [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1319747 Publication ID: 39209
  • Coleman, J., Apblett, C., Yelton, W., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2014). Electrochemical Fabrication of Energetic Thin Films [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1241744 Publication ID: 38867
  • Jared, B.H., Kozuch, C., Tappan, A., Cook, A., Bishop, J., Adams, D., Maguire, M., Robinson, D., Hall, A., Carrillo, L., Sego, A., Leathe, N., Fuller, N., Robbins, J., Clark, B., & Clark, B. (2014). Abstracts for Additive Mfg JOWOG [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1241756 Publication ID: 38885
  • Tappan, A., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2014). Critical detonation thickness in vapor-deposited hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) films with different preparation conditions [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1315029 Publication ID: 37509
  • Jilek, B.A., Kohl, I., Farrow, D., Urayama, J., Knepper, R., Radtke, G., Kearney, S., Armstrong, M., Crowhurst, J., Lewicki, J., Coleman, K., Zaug, J., & Zaug, J. (2014). Unreacted Hugoniot of Sylgard and HNAB via UTDI [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1496679 Publication ID: 37586
  • Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2014). Effects of Confinement on Detonation Behavior of Vapor-Deposited Hexanitroazobenzene Films [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1496554 Publication ID: 37590
  • Tappan, A., Wixom, R.R., Knepper, R., & Knepper, R. (2014). Critical detonation thickness in vapor-deposited hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) films with different preparation conditions [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1496700 Publication ID: 37624
  • Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2014). Effects of Confinement on Detonation Behavior of Vapor-Deposited Hexanitroazobenzene Films [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1315095 Publication ID: 37469
  • Kittell, D.E., Mares, J., Son, S., & Son, S. (2014). Measuring time-resolved detonation velocity using wavelet analysis and microwave interferometry [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1315338 Publication ID: 37470
  • Jilek, B.A., Kohl, I., Farrow, D., Urayama, J., Knepper, R., Radtke, G., Kearney, S., Armstrong, M., Crowhurst, J., Lewicki, J., Coleman, K., Zaug, J., & Zaug, J. (2014). Unreacted Equations of State of Sylgard and Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) Determined by Ultrafast Time Domain Interferometry [Conference Poster]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1319653 Publication ID: 37473
  • Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2013). Effects of confinement conditions on the detonation properties of vapor-deposited hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) films [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1115279 Publication ID: 34325
  • Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Ball, J.P., & Ball, J.P. (2013). Critical detonation thickness in vapor-deposited hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) films with different preparation conditions [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1295815 Publication ID: 34387
  • Tappan, A., Ball, J.P., Miller, J., & Miller, J. (2013). DBX-1 (copper(I)-5-nitrotetrazolate) reactions at sub-millimeter diameters [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1295818 Publication ID: 33726
  • Tappan, A., Ball, J.P., Miller, J., & Miller, J. (2013). DBX-1 (copper(I)-5-nitrotetrazolate) reactions at sub-millimeter diameters [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1295819 Publication ID: 33739
  • Knepper, R., Reeves, R., Adams, D., & Adams, D. (2012). Transition from steady to unsteady reaction propagation with variations in bilayer spacing in reactive multilayer foils [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1294592 Publication ID: 31072
  • Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Wixom, R.R., Marquez, M., Ball, J.P., Miller, J., & Miller, J. (2012). Critical detonation thickness in vapor-deposited pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) films [Conference]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84861991874&origin=inward Publication ID: 23320
  • Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Rodriguez, M.A., Alam, M.K., Martin, L., Marquez, M.P., & Marquez, M.P. (2012). Crystallization behavior of vapor-deposited hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) films [Conference]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84861990467&origin=inward Publication ID: 22880
  • Knepper, R., Marquez, M., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2012). Effects of Confinement Conditions on the Detonation Properties of Vapor-Deposited Hexanitroazobenzene Films [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1117157 Publication ID: 28519
  • Tappan, A., Ball, J.P., & Ball, J.P. (2012). Inkjet Printing of Energetic Materials: Sub-Micron Al/MoO3 and Al/Bi2O3 Thermite [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1294186 Publication ID: 27677
  • Tappan, A., Ball, J.P., & Ball, J.P. (2011). Inkjet Printing of Energetic Materials [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1118431 Publication ID: 25516
  • Knepper, R., Wixom, R.R., Tappan, A., Marquez, M., & Marquez, M. (2011). Crystallization Kinetics and Microstructure Evolution of Vapor-Deposited Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) Films [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1288573 Publication ID: 25342
  • Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Rodriguez, M.A., Alam, M., Martin, L., Marquez, M., & Marquez, M. (2011). Crystallization Behavior of Vapor-Deposited Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) Films [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1288569 Publication ID: 23867
  • Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Wixom, R.R., Marquez, M., Ball, J.P., Miller, J., & Miller, J. (2011). Critical Detonation Thickness in Vapor-Deposited Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Films [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1288571 Publication ID: 23868
  • Knepper, R., Tappan, A., Wixom, R.R., & Wixom, R.R. (2010). Controlling the microstructure of vapor-deposited pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) films [Conference]. Proceedings – 14th International Detonation Symposium, IDS 2010. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84883417660&origin=inward Publication ID: 17409
  • Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Wixom, R.R., Miller, J., Marquez, M., Ball, J.P., & Ball, J.P. (2010). Critical thickness measurements in vapor-deposited Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) films [Conference]. Proceedings – 14th International Detonation Symposium, IDS 2010. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84883413323&origin=inward Publication ID: 17419
  • Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Wixom, R.R., Baer, M., Marquez, M., Ball, J.P., Miller, J., & Miller, J. (2010). Detonation in Deposited Explosives Near the Critical Thickness [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1278845 Publication ID: 18712
  • Tappan, A., Basiliere, M., Ball, J.P., Snedigar, S., Fischer, G.J., Salton, J., & Salton, J. (2010). Linear actuation using milligram quantities of CL-20 and TAGDNAT [Conference]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=77953274525&origin=inward Publication ID: 16415
  • Wixom, R.R., Tappan, A., Rodriguez, M.A., Alam, M., Marquez, M., & Marquez, M. (2010). Microstructure evolution in vapor-deposited Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) films [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1020449 Publication ID: 18595
  • Tappan, A., Hodges, V., Jones, E., Rodriguez, M.A., Hobbs, M., & Hobbs, M. (2010). Reactive metal-metal multilayers [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1011649 Publication ID: 18063
  • Tappan, A., Knepper, R., Wixom, R.R., Miller, J., Marquez, M., Ball, J.P., & Ball, J.P. (2010). Critical thickness measurements in vapor-deposited Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) films [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/992778 Publication ID: 17843
  • Tappan, A., Wixom, R.R., & Wixom, R.R. (2010). Controlling the microstructure of vapor-deposited Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) films [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/991827 Publication ID: 17730
  • Tappan, A., Wixom, R.R., Trott, W., Long, G.T., Knepper, R., Brundage, A., Jones, D., & Jones, D. (2009). Microenergetic shock initiation studies on deposited films of PETN [Conference]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=74949138011&origin=inward Publication ID: 16514
  • Brundage, A., Wixom, R.R., Tappan, A., Long, G.T., & Long, G.T. (2009). Mesoscale simulations of shock initiation in energetic materials characterized by three-dimensional nanotomography [Conference]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=74949094227&origin=inward Publication ID: 16534
  • Tappan, A., Ball, J.P., Snedigar, S., Fischer, G.J., Salton, J., & Salton, J. (2009). Linear Actuation Using Milligram Quantities of CL-20 and TAGDNAT [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1142036 Publication ID: 16598
  • Tappan, A., Farrow, M., Warren, M., & Warren, M. (2009). Investigations of the small-scale thermal behavior of sol-gel thermites. https://doi.org/10.2172/947823 Publication ID: 15723
  • Rodriguez, M.A., Hobbs, M., McDonald, J., Hodges, V., Grubelich, M., Ingersoll, D., Jones, E., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2008). Research of exothermic nanolaminates and their structure-property relationships [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/946987 Publication ID: 14536
  • Tappan, A., Welle, E., & Welle, E. (2008). Lead Azide Reactions at Sub-Millimeter Diameters [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1143206 Publication ID: 14198
  • Tappan, A., McDonald, J., Adams, D., Jones, E., & Jones, E. (2008). Characterization of Reactive Ti/2B Multilayer Films [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1143104 Publication ID: 14199
  • Tappan, A., Long, G.T., Welle, E., Renlund, A., McDonald, J., Jared, B.H., Michael, J., & Michael, J. (2008). Microenergetics: Characterization of sub-millimeter PETN films [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1143025 Publication ID: 14200
  • Tappan, A. (2008). The effect of microscale confinement diameter on the combustion of an Al/MoO3 thermite [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/943887 Publication ID: 14085
  • Wixom, R.R., Tappan, A., Welle, E., Long, G.T., Michael, J., Brundage, A., & Brundage, A. (2008). FIB/SEM Nanotomography: 3-Dimensional Microstructural Characterization of Explosives [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1707808 Publication ID: 13975
  • Tappan, A., Long, G.T., Welle, E., Renlund, A., Michael, J., McDonald, J., Jared, B.H., Brundage, A., & Brundage, A. (2008). Microenergetics : characterization of sub-millimeter PETN films [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/943881 Publication ID: 13631
  • Tappan, A., Welle, E., & Welle, E. (2008). Lead azide reactions at sub-millimeter diameters [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/943885 Publication ID: 13529
  • Tappan, A. (2007). Microenergetics: Combustion and detonation at sub-millimeter scales [Conference]. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=65249097690&origin=inward Publication ID: 10942
  • Tappan, A. (2007). Micro- and Meso-Scale Detonics of Explosives [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1719013 Publication ID: 11725
  • Tappan, A. (2007). EuroPyro2007 Presentation: Hotplate Studies [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1146745 Publication ID: 11385
  • Tappan, A., Marley, S., Welle, E., Brundage, A., Palmer, J., Pahl, R., Cooper, M.A., Dudley, E., & Dudley, E. (2007). Micro- and Meso-Scale Detonics of Explosives 79871 [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1147257 Publication ID: 11205
  • Tappan, A. (2007). Combustion synthesis in gasless pyrotechnics at millimeter geometries [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/990006 Publication ID: 10945
  • Glass, S., Warren, M., Schwing, K., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2007). Stressed glass technology for actuators and removable barrier applications. https://doi.org/10.2172/920791 Publication ID: 10426
  • Tappan, A. (2007). Microenergetics: Combustion and Detonation at Sub-Millimeter Scales [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1147844 Publication ID: 10331
  • Moorman, M., Robinson, A., Manginell, R., Tappan, A., Linker, K., & Linker, K. (2007). Microfabricated Chip for Calibration of Field Instruments [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1267218 Publication ID: 9156
  • Moorman, M., Manginell, R., Tappan, A., Robinson, A., Linker, K., & Linker, K. (2007). Microfabricated Chip for Calibration of Field Instruments [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1267219 Publication ID: 9167
  • Welle, E., Tappan, A., Pahl, R., Palmer, J., Muenchausen, R.E., & Muenchausen, R.E. (2006). Diameter effects on detonation performance of HNS and CL-20 [Conference]. Proceedings of the 13th International Detonation Symposium, IDS 2006. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84883431315&origin=inward Publication ID: 7439
  • Tappan, A., Brundage, A., Long, G.T., Renlund, A., Kravitz, S.H., Nogan, J.J., Wroblewski, B., Palmer, J., Baer, M., & Baer, M. (2006). Microenergetic research involving a coupled experimental and computational approach to evaluate microstructural effects on detonation and combustion at sub-millimeter geometries [Conference]. Proceedings of the 13th International Detonation Symposium, IDS 2006. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84883338335&origin=inward Publication ID: 7539
  • Tappan, A., Baer, M., Brundage, A., Long, G.T., Renlund, A., Palmer, J., Baer, M., & Baer, M. (2006). MICROENERGETIC RESEARCH INVOLVING A COUPLED EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO EVALUATE MICROSTRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON DETONATION AND COMBUSTION AT SUB-MILLIMETER GEOMETRIES [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1264556 Publication ID: 7818
  • Tappan, A., Pahl, R., Renlund, A., Sweatt, W., McCormick, F., & McCormick, F. (2006). Optical Pyrometry Temperature Measurement of Miniature Charges of MIC Nanocomposite Thermite [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1264622 Publication ID: 7560
  • Baer, M., Castaneda, J., Tappan, A., Cesarano, J., & Cesarano, J. (2006). Shock-Induced Reaction in a Nitromethane-Impregnated Geometrically Regular Sample Configuration [Presentation]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1725990 Publication ID: 7589
  • Pahl, R., Palmer, J., Tappan, A., Welle, E., & Welle, E. (2006). Microstructural effects on detonation performance of CL-20 and HNS [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1264596 Publication ID: 7628
  • Baer, M., Castaneda, J., Tappan, A., Cesarano, J., & Cesarano, J. (2006). Shock-induced reaction in a nitromethane-impregnated geometrically regular sample configuration [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/947775 Publication ID: 7441
  • Madden, S., Tappan, A., Jung, P., Marley, S., Welle, E., Pahl, R., & Pahl, R. (2006). Rapid data analysis methodologies for streak camera images : measurement of detonation velocity and DDT distance of lead azide at sub-millimeter diameters [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/947769 Publication ID: 7384
  • Tappan, A., Pahl, R., Renlund, A., Sweatt, W., McCormick, F., & McCormick, F. (2006). Optical pyrometry temperature measurement of miniature charges of MIC nanocomposite thermite [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/947770 Publication ID: 7072
  • Trott, W., Baer, M., Castaneda, J., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2005). Shock-induced explosive chemistry in a deterministic sample configuration. https://doi.org/10.2172/875610 Publication ID: 6144
  • Long, G.T., Renlund, A., Kravitz, S., Tappan, A., & Tappan, A. (2004). Microenergetic materials processing and testing [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/882047 Publication ID: 3074
  • Tappan, A., Tappan, A., Long, G.T., Renlund, A., Kravitz, S., & Kravitz, S. (2002). Microenergetic materials :microscale energetic material processing and testing [Conference]. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/913499 Publication ID: 1759
  • Tappan, A., Renlund, A., Miller, J., & Miller, J. (2000). LDRD final report : raman spectroscopic measurements to monitor the HMX beta-delta phase transition. https://doi.org/10.2172/975257 Publication ID: 1042
  • Decker, M. (2000). Mechanical Properties of Cold Gas-Dynamic Spray Nickel. https://doi.org/10.2172/766967 Publication ID: 973
  • Decker, M., Smith, M.F., & Smith, M.F. (2000). Thermal spray and cold spray analysis of density, porosity, and tensile Specimens for use with LIGA applications. https://doi.org/10.2172/752018 Publication ID: 201
Showing 10 of 190 publications.

April 10, 2023