Facility • The GIF provides high-fidelity simulation of nuclear radiation environments for materials and component testing.
Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF)
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Gamma Irradiation Facility and Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation Facility
Page • The Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF) provides high-fidelity simulation of nuclear radiation environments for materials and component testing. The GIF can produce a wide range of gamma radiation environments (from 10-3 to over 6.5 x 10^2 rad/second) using cobalt-60 sources and can irradiate objects as small as electronic components and as...
Gemini-Scout Mine Rescue Vehicle
Page • The Gemini-Scout Mine Rescue Robot was designed by Sandia robotics engineers to replace humans in the early stages of rescue planning and response during a mining accident. The robot can enter potentially dangerous situations ahead of rescuers to evaluate hazardous environments and help them determine how operations should proceed, even...
Geochemistry of Interfaces
Page • From surfaces to interlayers to clusters A geoscience project under Sandia's Energy, Climate, & Infrastructure Security mission area. Problem Molecular phenomena at the metal oxide-water interface control many geochemical and environmental processes critical to water quality and treatment, the fate and transport of contaminants, radionuclide isolation and waste forms, carbon...
Geomechanics Laboratory
Facility • The Geomechanics Laboratory enables researchers to measure rock properties under a wide range of simulated environmental conditions, including high-pressure and complex load paths
Guided Bullet Technology
Page • Leveraging the capabilities of the High Consequence, Automation, & Robotics Precision Micro Assembly Lab, we have designed a self-guided .50 caliber projectile that utilizes a laser designated target and is configured to be fired from a small caliber, smooth bore gun barrel. Self-guided projectiles increase the probability of hit at...
Heavy Ion Backscattering Spectrometry (HIBS)
Page • Description of Technique: HIBS is used to detect ultra-trace levels of heavy impurities on the surface of a Si wafer. HIBS has advantages over TXRF, including: Improved sensitivity for most elementsQuantifying composition without standardsMeasurement on rough surfaces. HIBS is accomplished by focusing a 120 keV beam of C+ions onto a...
High Altitude Chamber
Page • High Altitude Chamber Technical Characteristics 27-foot diameter vacuum sphereSimulate altitudes up to 230,000 feetTest articles up to 1-ton weight and 60 inch diameterTesting centrifuge to 600 rpm15-20 minutes to reach maximum altitudeExplosive and pyrotechnic testingEjection, inflation, and free-fall testingRemote high-speed video capability
High Operating Temperature (HOT)
Facility • The HOT site researchers simulate conditions found deep underground to study the effects of heat on the drill rig hammer, and drill into various types of rock.
High-Consequence Automation
Page • High Consequence, Automation, & Robotics specializes in the research, design, and development of automated systems for high-consequence tasks; tasks where a system failure can result in catastrophic consequences. These systems must be robust to a wide variety of failure modes and in the event of a failure, must fail-safely. In...
High-quality feedstocks address sustainability challenges associated with rising global demand for protein
News Article, January 23, 2023 • RuBisCO variants increase Methionine and Lysine content. (Graphic courtesy of Sandia Licensing and Technology Transfer.) Ryan Davis, a principal member of Sandia’s technical staff in Bioresource and Environmental Security, and his team developed a high-quality feedstock to address sustainability challenges to meet the growing global demand for protein. RuBisCO (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate...
Hongyou Fan awarded Materials Research Society Medal
News Article, August 13, 2025 • Sandia researcher Hongyou Fan was awarded the prestigious 2024 Materials Research Society (MRS) Medal, recognizing his innovative approach to synthesizing nanomaterials using pressure instead of traditional chemical solutions. The MRS Medal is the society’s highest accolade, celebrating significant advances expected to greatly impact progress in materials science. His work is...
Hypersonic Wind Tunnel
Page • Technical Characteristics Blowdown to vacuumM = 5, 8, 14Re = 0.2 - 10 x 106/ftRun times: ~45 sec at 45 minute intervalsGases:air at Mach 5N2 at Mach 8 and 1418" diameter test section4" - 5" maximum diameter model sizeStagnation temperature to 2500°R Related Links Wind tunnel operation mapsOverview briefing of...
Hyperspectral Upper-Bound Spectrum
Page • Sandia Hyperspectral Upper-Bound Spectrum (Sandia Hyper-UBS) v 1.0 Download (Matlab Code) Sandia Hyper-UBS is designed to remove cosmic ray spikes from hyperspectral data sets. This software was based upon the UBS-DM algorithm by D.M. Zhang and D. Ben-Amotz.1 The UBS-DM-HS algorithm is designed to be more robust and is better...
Imaging gas-phase methyl radicals
News Article, March 3, 2025 • Positive and negative correlations of measured gas-phase methyl and formaldehyde with predicted surface coverages Scientists at Sandia are studying how certain chemical reactions happen on surfaces, especially when using special techniques that allows them to see what is occurring while the reactions are taking place. This is important because many...
Imaging the visible emissions from plasmas in pulsed power experiments
News Article, March 16, 2023 • The center section of Sandia's Z Machine Low density plasmas are predicted to impact Sandia’s Z machine experiments in a variety of ways. Magnetic Resonance Tomography instability development during the target implosion can lead to broad trailing density profiles and potentially redistribute current away from the on-axis stagnation region. Low...
Improving assurance of high-consequence systems using formal methods and automated reasoning
News Article, July 14, 2025 • Error from imperfect computer representations of numbers when visualizing a sphere at 1km and 20,000km distance from an observer. Computers typically represent numbers one of two ways: fixed-point (via integers) and floating-point numbers. Floating point provides improved efficiency and productivity, but errors can accumulate if not managed carefully. Error from...
Improving predictive capability in REHEDS simulations with fast, accurate, and consistent nonequilibrium material properties
News Article, June 22, 2023 • Sandia scientist Stephanie Hansen was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society by its Division of Plasma Physics. (Photo by Randy Montoya) Predictive design of experiments in Radiation, Electrical, and High Energy Density Science (REHEDS) requires knowledge of material properties (e.g., equations of state (EOS), transport coefficients, and radiation physics). Interpreting...
Improving understanding of microbial roles in permafrost carbon release
News Article, June 2, 2025 • As permafrost thaws, it exposes ancient organic matter that microbes can use as fuel. This process contributes to the release of gases like carbon dioxide, methane (CH₄) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In areas like the Yedoma permafrost, which holds large amounts of frozen organic material, the formation of thermokarst...
Improving/testing machine learning methods for benchmarking soil carbon dynamics representation of land surface models
News Article, June 7, 2023 • Sandia soil scientist Umakant Mishra starts his hike to the base camp of Mount Everest. (Photo courtesy of Umakant Mishra) Representation of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in Earth system models (ESM) is a key source of uncertainty in predicting carbon climate feedbacks. The magnitude of this uncertainty can be...
Integrated Materials Research Laboratory (IMRL)
Facility • IMRL integrates research from atomic scale to full scale components, investigates organic materials, advanced alloys, electronic and photonic semiconductors, high temperature superconductors, ceramics, quantum systems, and laser, optical and dielectric materials.
International team makes breakthrough in the chemistry of atmospheric aerosol formation.
News Article, March 14, 2024 • Figure 1 — Sequential insertion reactions of Criegee intermediates (CH2OO) produce low volatility, highly oxygenated molecules that may form organic aerosols in the troposphere. (Figure courtesy of Ellen Weiss, Argonne National Laboratory) A multidisciplinary team has combined measurements in the Amazon forest with experimental and theoretical kinetics to show the...
Ion Beam Laboratory (IBL)
Facility • The IBL enables scientists to study and modify materials systems using ion and electron accelerators.
Jessica K. Kustas
Page • Jessica K. Kustas Senior Member of the Technical Staff Analytical Chemistry Dr. Jessica Kustas is an analytical chemist at Sandia National Laboratories located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Recruited from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Champaign Illinois, her career has been focused heavily on mass spectrometry analysis of materials and...
Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI)
Facility • JBEI is a DOE Bioenergy Research Center dedicated to developing advanced biofuels—liquid fuels derived from the solar energy stored in plant biomass that can replace gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels.
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