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Thermal effects on the Josephson series-array voltage standard
Microfabricated series-arrays of Josephson junctions have been developed which are capable of producing quantized voltage levels over a wide voltage range. These arrays have been used in a calibration system since February 10, 1987 to maintain the US Legal Volt at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly NBS). A similar system within the Primary Standards Laboratory (which is operated for the Department of Energy, Albuquerque Operations Office by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)) has been in operation since July, 1989. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the array's quantized voltage states and DC characteristics are reported here. 8 refs., 2 figs.