A Seismic Signal Modeling software package has been implemented for the RSTN and the NORESS/ARCESS data. The key features of the software are: (1) It removes over a limited band the gain and phase effects that were introduced by the seismometer and its associated filters. This removal was accomplished by using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter techniques to produce a resulting signal in terms of either ground-motion velocity or displacement. (2) It combines two separate bands of data, which are sampled at different rates, into a single broadband signal. (3) It produces a time-domain plot of the signals. (4) It produces a spectral analysis of the signals, including signal-to-noise ratio and comparison of the signals. 5 refs., 22 figs., 3 tabs.
A set of 6-ft-diameter ribbon parachutes (geometric porosities of 7%, 15%, and 30%) was tested in various subsonic wind tunnels covering a range of geometric blockages from 2% to 35%. Drag, base pressure, and inflated geometry were measured under full-open, steady-flow conditions. The result drag areas and pressure coefficients were correlated with the bluff-body blockage parameter (i.e., drag area divided by tunnel cross-sectional area) according to the blockage theory of Maskell. The data show that the Maskell theory provides a simple, accurate correction for the effective increase in dynamic pressure caused by wall constraint for both single parachutes and clusters. For single parachutes, the empirically derived blockage factor K{sub M} has the value of 1.85, independent of canopy porosity. Derived values of K{sub M} for two- and three-parachute clusters are 1.35 and 1.59, respectively. Based on the photometric data, there was no deformation of the inflated shape of the single parachutes up to a geometric blockage of 22%. In the case of the three-parachute cluster, decreases in both the inflated diameter and the spacing among member parachutes were observed at a geometric blockage of 35%. 11 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.
Waypoint guidance is a technique used to steer an autonomous vehicle along a desired course. Waypoints are designated at intervals along that course. The guidance algorithms issue steering commands that, if followed, result in the vehicle's traveling from waypoint to waypoint. Thus, the vehicle remains on or very close to the desired trajectory. Waypoints can be specified by latitude, longitude, and altitude in geographic coordinates. The vehicle's current location can be described similarly. This is enough information to determine the direction of travel that would take the vehicle to the waypoint. The shortest route from one point on a spherical surface to another on the same surface is a great circle. A great circle lies in a plane that contains the center of the sphere. The plane also is normal to the surface of the sphere along the great circle. The earth actually is distorted slightly from spherical; it is ellipsoidal. An ellipsoidal earth model will be used in this report. Features of the great circle will be applied to effect good approximations of shortest routes to waypoints. Therefore, only the endpoints of long, straight course segments need be specified. 5 figs.
Drillstem tests, slug tests, a small-scale pumping test, and a large-scale pumping test of the Culebra Dolomite Member of the Rustler Formation were performed in 1988 at the H-11 hydropad at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site in southeastern New Mexico. The drillstem, slug, and small-scale pumping tests were conducted in well H-11b4 to evaluate well and aquifer properties in preparation for a tracer test. The large-scale pumping test, known as the H-11 multipad test, was performed by pumping well H-11b1 in the southern part of the WIPP site at a rate of six gpm for 63 days and monitoring drawdown and recovery responses in three other wells on the H-11 hydropad and at 11 observation wells within a three-mile radius. Responses were observed in 10 of these distant wells. The H-11 multipad pumping test complemented the H-3 and WIPP-13 multipad pumping tests conducted in the central and northern portions of the WIPP site in late 1985 and early 1987, respectively. 67 refs., 124 figs., 31 tabs.
The formation of pristine silica fiber sections in an ultra high vacuum environment requires the critical control of production parameters. Glass temperature and fiber draw force must be precisely controlled to produce favorable results. Process control is achieved by automating the operation of a high power CO{sub 2} laser and the acquisition of data with a dedicated microprocessor. This combination, with the integration of ocular control through the application of digital image processing techniques, has subsequently led to a consistent and reproducible means of forming high quality pristine glass fiber test sections on the order of 25 {mu}m to 50{mu}m in diameter. Fibers formed in this manner are tested to failure (in situ) by applying loads at various rates in controlled environments. This report presents the techniques and devices used to develop this automated fabrication and testing system. 2 refs., 5 figs.
The phase gradient algorithm represents a powerful new signal processing technique with applications to aperture synthesis imaging. These include, for example, synthetic aperture radar phase correction and stellar image reconstruction. The algorithm combines redundant information present in the data to arrive at an estimate of the phase derivative. In this report, we show that the estimator is in fact a linear, minimum variance estimator of the phase derivative. 7 refs.
The quasi-static failure criteria, elastic constants, and p-wave velocities have been determined for a granite and a sandstone in which blasting experiments are being carried out by the Advanced Technology Division (6258). In addition, the dynamic strength of the granite was measured using a Kolsky bar. Both rocks show a linear increase in strength with increasing confining pressure. The dynamic strength of the granite is as much as 330% greater than the quasi-static value. The strength of the granite was also dependent on the angle between the foliation and the loading direction. There was a 20% difference in the p-wave velocity between that measured parallel to and perpendicular to the bedding in the sandstone. 4 refs., 4 figs., 5 tabs.
Blow-by is a common occurrence in two-stage light gas guns. Although the blow-by is often inconsequential, it can sometimes present a serious problem. Various projectile designs have been tried to prevent blow-by, and a successful design is described. Computer calculations which clarify the dynamic performance of the design are presented, along with a parameter variation study to indicate the sensitivity of the design to certain geometric parameters. 6 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.
The LIFE2 computer code is a fatigue/fracture analysis code specifically designed for the analysis of wind turbine components. It is a PC-compatible Fortran code that is written in a top-down modular format. In this numerical formulation, an S-n'' fatigue analysis is used to describe the initiation, growth and coalescence of micro-cracks into macro-cracks. A linear, da/dn'' fracture analysis is used to describe the growth of a macro-crack. This paper presents the numerical formulations used to implement these analyses. 16 refs., 2 tabs.
LIFE2 is a PC-compatible computer code that analyzes the service lifetime of a WECS component. The LIFE2 code is written in Fortran and has the option of using either a fatigue analysis or a linear fracture mechanics analysis. This document contains information on what the code expects as input and what can be expected as output from the code. Also included are two example problems. 11 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.
Thermal testing of space payloads at Sandia National Laboratories is conducted in a large cylindrical (7.0 feet in diameter) vacuum chamber with temperature controlled walls. The payload is generally attached to a baseplate with independent temperature controls. To establish well-defined boundary conditions during the tests, uniform wall temperatures are desired in the test chamber. Thermal-vacuum tests were conducted on this space simulation chamber to determine if temperature gradients existed on the chamber shroud and end-bells. Recorded temperature measurements indicated large temperature gradients on the chamber shroud and end-bells. Furthermore, it was difficult to manually control the flow of liquid to the end-bells in order to achieve equal end-bell temperatures. However, results from these tests were used in a computer program developed to predict locations on the shroud and end-balls where a thermocouple would measure the best area-weighted average temperature. These measurements provide necessary boundary temperatures that can be used in a thermal model of a satellite payload. Results were obtained for different shroud and baseplate temperature settings. 8 figs., 5 tabs.
This report summarizes the progress of the Borehole Directional Radar (BDR) System, which is a high-power, high-resolution tool that is being developed to locate lithologic layers or fractures away from a wellbore. The key to the tool's potential is its ability to accurately measure distance and direction of a lithologic discontinuity underground. The results of two field tests in 1988 are presented. The report also discusses the deficiencies of the current system, and a proposed upgrade. Finally, possible other applications of the BDR System are outlined, including (1) locating gas and oil reservoirs below a salt dome, (2) determining the integrity of underground structures (e.g., Strategic Petroleum Reserve, Nuclear Waste Repository Site), and (3) verifying underground nuclear tests. 25 refs., 14 figs.
A computer code is described which is designed to determine the fraction of time during which a given ground location is observable from one or more members of a satellite constellation in earth orbit. Ground visibility parameters are determined from the orientation and strength of an appropriate ionized cylinder (used to simulate a beam experiment) at the selected location. Satellite orbits are computed in a simplified two-body approximation computation. A variety of printed and graphical outputs is provided. 9 refs., 50 figs., 2 tabs.
An algorithm and a computer program are described for use in determining the geographic locations common between the orbit paths of two satellites or between different portions of a single satellite's orbital path. The method selected uses semi-inertial geometric constructions to determine the crossing locations. 6 refs.
The uniaxial compressive strength of air-dry and water-saturated ashfall tuff from the Nevada Test Site was measured as a function of strain rate from 10{sup {minus}6} to 10{sup 3} s{sup {minus}1}. Two different testing devices were used to achieve this wide range in rate, an electro-hydraulic, servo-controlled load frame, and a Kolsky bar. Critical strain rates of 82 s{sup {minus}1} and 22{sup {minus}1} were found for dry and saturated tuffs, respectively. Below the critical rate the strength is a weak function of strain rate and above the critical rate strength varies as the cube root of strain rate. The strengths of the dry and saturated tuff are the same above the critical rate. At slower rates, the saturated tuff is weaker at all rates and shows a slightly stronger strain-rate sensitivity. 26 refs., 5 figs.
A knowledge based computer program that assists programmers of Numerically Controlled (NC) machine tools is described. The program uses part features identified by the NC programmer at a CAD/CAM graphics display and a set of manufacturing rules to select machining parameters and produce NC part programs. An expert system determines the correct NC sequence and the machining parameters. Both milled and point-to-point features are programmed by the Milling Assistant. Examples are included to illustrate the problem domain. Extensions to the Milling Assistant are described. 11 refs.
Various models of steam explosion triggering and propagation are reviewed. An analogy is drawn between steam explosions and chemical combustion, stressing that a continuum of steam explosion intensities can exist, ranging from very weak deflagration-like phenomena to full-scale detonation-like explosions. Evidence is presented to support several hypotheses: (1) that most, if not all, reported steam explosions were not strong steady thermal detonations; (2) that unsteady, oscillatory and partial-reaction steam explosions may exist for a wide range of fragmentation times; (3) that steam explosions may have large reaction zones (or interaction regions) of the order of several meters; (4) that fragmentation times of the order of 40--200 /mu/s may be fast enough to sustain strong thermal detonations; (5) that explosion strength can increase dramatically with trigger strength; and (6) that the product of pressure and impulse may be good measure of trigger strength. New experimental data and calculations are presented to support some of these hypotheses. 84 refs., 19 figs., 1 tab.
This report presents a evaluation of ten video compression systems currently available on the market. The products are presented in a structured format for easy comparison. The features used for comparison purposes include applications, bit rates, processing delays, resolutions, color capabilities, physical size and weight, maintainability, price, and additional features. Further, unique attractions and characteristics, as well as limitations and problems, are discussed.
We at Sandia first became involved with developing energy technology when the nation initiated its push toward energy independence in the early 1970s. That involvement continues to be strong. In shaping Sandia's energy programs for the 1990s, we will build on our track record from the 70s and 80s, a record outlined in this publication. It contains reprints of three issues of Sandia's Lab News that were devoted to our non-nuclear energy programs. Together, they summarize the history, current activities, and future of Sandia's diverse energy concerns; hence my desire to see them in one volume. Written in the fall of 1988, the articles cover Sandia's extremely broad range of energy technologies -- coal, oil and gas, geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaics, wind, rechargeable batteries, and combustion.
Thermal energy contained in magmatic systems represents a huge potential resource. In the US, useful energy contained in molten and partially-molten magma within the upper 10 km of the crust has been estimated at 50,000 to 500,000 Quads. The objective of the Magma Energy Extraction Program is to determine engineering feasibility of locating, accessing and utilizing magma as a viable energy resource. Engineering feasibility will depend on size and depth of the resource; extraction rates; and material life times. 11 refs., 29 figs., 1 tab.
The diffusion of unreactive solutes through the Culebra Dolomite was studied experimentally and theoretically. The measured diffusive flux is less than that predicted from independent knowledge of the porosity and reasonable estimates of tortuosity. This low measured flux led to a review of the relationship between solute diffusion and pore geometry in rocks and sediments. Solute transport in hypothetical pore networks, where the effect of pore geometry on the solute flux is directly calculable, is examined. A conventional interpretation of pore tortuosity, as a normalized length of diffusion through a pore, loses meaning for cases where pores intersect in networks. Some important variables affecting the tortuosity are: (1) the distribution of pore sizes (2) the distribution of pore lengths, (3) the number of pores which intersect at a node, and (4) the pore shape between nodes. Furthermore, in porous materials with a preferential distribution of pore sizes and orientation, tortuosity is a tensor. For the Culebra Dolomite, the wide range of pore sizes causes the diffusive flux to vary considerably from that predicted from conventional theory. These results indicate that diffusive fluxes from fractures into rock pores may be smaller than previously thought. 35 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.
We describe the relationship between constant resistive load, constant current, and constant voltage discharges of electrochemical cells using the concept of the polarization curve. This concept is demonstrated under constraints for a prismatic Li/SOCl{sub 2} laboratory cell. We show that each of these discharges yields the same information about the electrochemical couple which drives the cell. 8 figs.
LEXER is a useful tool for lexical analysis. It is designed to give an application programmer the ability to write code that will quickly parse commands to an interactive program. It is also useful in parsing character data stored in a file. This is done by lexically analyzing the input character string and placing its components and related information into arrays stored in common blocks. The code is written in FORTRAN which conforms to the ANSI Standard FORTRAN 77 in all but a few carefully documented areas. 2 refs.
Teleoperation of land vehicles was studied to investigate the effects of both spatial and temporal video resolution on the ability of the operator to effectively control the vehicle. Teleoperation extends part of a human operator's presence into remote or hazardous areas, and the predominant form of sensory feedback is that of vision. The quality of the transmitted video information has a significant effect on the operator's confidence and ability to effectively control the vehicle. Experiments were constructed to allow subjective evaluation of the lower limits of video quality necessary for degraded, yet effective, Teleoperation. Subjects were asked to teleoperate a remote vehicle under varying conditions to degraded spatial and temporal resolution, and their comments were recorded along with the video driving scenes during teleoperation. Subjective assessments and teleoperation test data suggest the possibility of reducing the required video bandwidth for teleoperation by a factor of 28:1 over normal video standards. 9 refs., 18 figs., 9 tabs.
This document is a collection of abstracts of papers prepared as part of the Sandia programs in the GeoEnergy Technology Department and other closely related research. Areas of technology represented are resource access (drilling, blasting), resource extraction (enhanced recovery) and geodiagnostics. More basic work in the Geosciences is in a separate chapter. Industry programs and Technology Transfer constitute a final section. That section also includes our geotechnical support to DOE on the Strategic Petroleum Reserve in which we work closely with the SPR site contractor. 65 refs.
The Rankine Hugoniot equation relating the conversion of momentum across a shock front and the empirical relationship for shock velocity as a function of particle velocity are used to calculate the impact pressures for selected materials. The shock velocity and particle velocities are then calculated as a function of impact pressures. The calculated data are graphically presented sets of three figures for the selected materials as follows: Impact pressure as a function of impact velocity, impact pressure as a function of particle velocity, impact pressure as a function of shock velocity. Given the projectile impact velocity and material Hugoniot information, this graphical representation of the data allows for a fast approximation of the impact pressure particle velocity, and shock velocity in the target material. 9 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.
Operational procedures for the Space Systems Department and Space Sensors Department are described. Departmental policies and procedures from design of systems for space applications through qualification for spaceflight are summarized. 1 fig.
This document contains a report of the work performed in the Solar Industrial Process Heat Project during the period FY 1984 to FY 1986. The work involved seventeen experiments funded by the Department of Energy. The report contains a description of each of the active experiments and a discussion of their system performance, operation, and maintenance experience during the last three years of the project. Emphasis is placed on energy production and on economic considerations. It also contains a brief statement of the status of the solar equipment for systems no longer in operation. The project was sponsored by the Systems Test and Evaluation Branch of the Division of Solar Thermal Technology, Department of Energy. 24 refs., 35 figs., 24 tabs.
A preliminary investigation of shock compression and release properties has been performed on four ceramics: silicon carbide, titanium diboride, boron carbide and zirconium dioxide. Eight planar impact experiments using thin discs of similar ceramic as impactor and target have been completed. The particle velocity history at the interface between the back of the target ceramic and a lithium fluoride window material was acquired with a laser velocity interferometer (VISAR). These wave profiles indicate that each of these materials responds in a unique way to shock loading. Peak impact stresses in these experiments range between 20 and 50 GPa, leading to pronounced permanent deformation behavior of these materials. Dynamic compression and release stress-strain behavior of the ceramics, formulated with numerical iteration methods, is compared with compressive strength properties determined from the experimental data. The current experiments provide data for these ceramic materials which can be used to evaluate computational material models in wave propagation codes. 23 refs., 25 figs., 4 tabs.
This report describes the development, fabrication, and testing of a high-g piezoelectric accelerometer that uses PVF/sub 2/ as the piezoelectric transducer. The accelerometer is designed to continuously measure accelerations up to 1000,000 g. The device is packages in a 3/8'' hex head bolt and can include a built-in hybrid buffer to provide a low-output impedance analog signal. Included in this report are fabrication procedures, mechanical drawings, and software listings for test data analysis programs. 30 refs., 21 figs.
This paper discusses the following topics: semicustom integrated circuits; radiation effects and hardness; circuit design considerations; the design cycle; fault analysis and design for test; and circuit layout.
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) cavern fluid velocity model for natural convection uses the Modified Local Similarity (MLS) method to analyze the boundary layer behavior. In order to use the MLS approach, boundary layer velocity and temperature profiles are calculated in terms of local similarity variables based on the natural convection equations. Modifications were made to the local similarity equations enabling consideration of turbulent flow and mixed convection conditions. The details of these changes are addressed in this report. 80 refs., 43 figs., 3 tabs.
Flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) studies have been conducted in a 19.4-cm high, 14.5-cm wide, and 2. 242-m long channel (MINIFLAME) that is a 1:12.6 scale model of the 136-m{sup 3} FLAME facility. Tests were conducted with two levels of hydrogen concentration -- 20% and 30%, with and without obstacles in the channel, and with three levels of transverse top venting -- 0%, 13%, and 50%. The flame acceleration results in MINIFLAME are qualitatively similar to those in FLAME; however, the small-scale results are more benign quantitatively. The results show that insufficient venting, 13% venting in this case, can promote flame acceleration due to turbulence produced by the flow through the vents in smooth channels. However, with obstacle-generated turbulence in the channel, 13% top venting was found to be beneficial. Flame acceleration resulting in DDT was shown to occur in as little as 35 liters of mixture. Comparison of the DDT data with obstacles in MINIFLAME and FLAME supports d/{lambda} scaling of DDT, where {lambda} is the detonation cell width of the mixture and d is the characteristic open diameter of the channel. In the MINIFLAME and FLAME tests, DDT occurred for d/{lambda} greater than approximately three. Comparison with other experiments shows that the value of d/{lambda} for DDT is not constant but depends on the obstacle type, spacing, and channel geometry. The comparison of MINIFLAME and FLAME experiments extends the use of d/{lambda} scaling to different geometries and larger scales than previous studies. Small-scale-model testing of flame acceleration and DDT with the same combustible mixture as the full-scale prototype underpredicts flame speeds, overpressures, and the possibility of DDT. 18 refs., 16 figs.
The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is a joint design and R D project involving the USA, the Soviet Union, Japan and the European Community. These international partners are working together on the design of a fusion tokamak reactor that will operate in the D-T ignition regime. This report compiles the contributions to ITER made by Sandia National Laboratories in the area of design and R D for plasma facing components, such as the first wall and divertor. The following topics are discussed: divertor fabrication issues, divertor thermal-hydraulic analysis, separatrix sweeping effects, divertor tile 2-D stress analysis, electromechanical disruption effects, runaway electron and intense energy deposition analyses, lifetime analysis and tritium retention in plasma facing materials. Material properties for pyrolytic graphite and beryllium are presented. Use of pyrolytic graphite as the plasma facing material allows for operation with thicker graphite armor at the design heat flux level of 10 MW/m/sup 2/. The design of a divertor coated with plasma sprayed beryllium is presented as an attractive alternative to pyrolytic graphite armor tiles. Finally, the Sandia research and development plan for ITER is discussed. 82 figs.
Recent technological advances in the field of electronics have made video imaging a viable substitute for the traditional Polaroid/trademark/ picture used to create photo ID credentials. New families of hardware and software products, when integrated into a system, provide an exciting and powerful toll which can be used simply to make badges or enhance an access control system. This report is designed to make the reader aware of who is currently in this business and compare their capabilities.
This document describes twelve different kinds of charts which have been designed to help manage the performance of the Engineering Information Management (EIM) computer systems at Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque. Operational data generated by the two major software systems, Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) and Integrated Database Management System (IDMS), are summarized to visually portray actual service levels and meaningful system performance characteristics. To demonstrate the potential utility of the resulting performance reports, summarized data in illustrative charts are evaluated from a managerial point of view. The resulting graphs can stimulate relevant analyses for modeling the impact of forecasted workloads on system service level objectives and identifying problems or trends that need the attention of system tuners. 15 figs.
An overview of the DOE nuclear weapons research, development, and testing program is given along with a description of the program objectives and the roles and responsibilities of the various involved organizations. The relationship between the DoD and DOE is described and the division of responsibilities for weapon development as well as the coordinated planning and acquisition activities are reviewed. Execution of the RD T program at the nuclear weapons laboratories is outlined. 24 refs., 3 figs.
This report describes an integrated network management tool designed to minimize the time and effort required to diagnose and resolve data communications problems at Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque. A workstation is utilized to consolidate several functions necessary for diagnosing these problems, thus reducing the amount of hardware required for troubleshooting. Functions include managing data PBX and PACX switches, accessing circuit database information on a VAX, and monitoring alarms. In addition to consolidating functions, enhanced capability is provided for simplifying the complex procedure of troubleshooting data PBX problems. The first two sections of this report give an introduction and overview of the network management applications and the last section provides details of operation. 17 figs.
This report covers the initial characterization of two new dc magnetron sputtering systems which were acquired for the purpose of modernizing our capability for the deposition of tantalum nitride, titanium, and palladium thin films for HMC applications. These systems were purchased to replace two old metallization systems which had been used in this application for more than a decade. Parametric studies were carried out to characterize the systems. Operating conditions were established for the deposition of tantalum nitride films in one system and for the deposition of Ti/Pd films in the other system. These conditions were shown to produce films with properties equal to or better than were being achieved with the equipment being replaced. In addition, the new equipment was found to be simpler and easier to operate than the old systems. The data obtained during the course of this characterization study are presented. 15 refs., 44 figs., 8 tabs.
Preliminary atomic Xe laser results are presented for e-beam excitation at pump rates between 40 W/cm/sup 3/ and 1 kW/cm/sup 3/ and for pump times between 50 /mu/s and 1 ms. 44 refs., 15 figs., 2 tabs.
A computer code for calculating hydraulic fracture height and width in a stressed-layer medium has been modified for easy use on a personal computer. HSTRESS allows for up to 51 layers having different thicknesses, stresses and fracture toughnesses. The code can calculate fracture height versus pressure or pressure versus fracture height, depending on the design model in which the data will be used. At any pressure/height, a width profile is calculated and an equivalent width factor and flow resistance factor are determined. This program is written in FORTRAN. Graphics use PLOT88 software by Plotworks, Inc., but the graphics software must be obtained by the user because of licensing restrictions. A version without graphics can also be run. This code is available through the National Energy Software Center (NESC), operated by Argonne National Laboratory. 14 refs., 21 figs.
With the advent of automated photographic badge making systems and automated access control systems, the need for new badge making strategies has become evident. In order to determine the suitability of the polyester/polyethylene badge packet for application to both the currently widely used Polaroid (TM) photographic process and the emerging automated photographic badge making process, Sandia National Laboratories procured samples of this type of badge packet from four different suppliers and evaluated them. The evaluation packet was designed to accommodate either process as well as an automated access control system (in this case, a system based on magnetic stripe technology). The evaluation consisted of environmental, mechanical, chemical and magnetic tests to determine reliability and durability. These tests included a flex test at /minus/20/degree/F, 76/degree/F and 125/degree/F; a washing machine test; a magnetic stripe wear test; an outdoor test; and a high magnetic field exposure test. These tests were designed to simulate conditions the badge might encounter during normal use. 5 tabs.
Prototype systems have been established which prove the concept and utility of supporting distributed access to shared Product Test Data from Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and General Electric Neutron Devices (GEND) using existing network communications facilities. It is essential, however, that adequate control (audit and isolation) be present as intrinsic characteristics of this connectivity in the production environment. A plan has emerged to put into place a configuration which provides required network functionality, yet preserves the necessary control. This configuration supports further development of a Product Data Network containing a Distributed Data System. We anticipate a complete ''black hat'' assessment of the final plan and configuration which results from these efforts. 3 figs.
Sandia conducts impact testing for a variety of structures. In this slapdown test, one end of the cask impacts the hard concrete target, then the structure rotates so that the other end of the cask impacts the target. During an impact test, metal to metal contact may occur within the structure and produce high frequency, high amplitude shock inputs. The high frequency portion of this transient vibration has been observed to excite the accelerometer resonance even though this resonance exceeds 350 kHz. The amplitude of the resonating accelerometer response can be so large that the data are clipped and are rendered useless. If the data are not clipped, a digital filter must be applied to eliminate the undesired accelerometer resonant response. If possible, it is more desirable to prevent excitation of the accelerometer resonance, This may be accomplished by mechanically isolating the accelerometer from the high frequency excitation without degrading the transducer response in the bandwidth of interest which is usually 10 kHz or less. To achieve this desirable isolation, two mounting configurations were designed and characterized. The objective of this paper is to describe the evaluation technique and to discuss the shock isolation properties of each mounting configuration. One configuration was actually used in a field test of bomb impacting a target. 4 figs.
A number of problems have been experienced by Sandia secretaries and others in the preparation of equations. This report is a self- paced/''how-to'' manual designed to provide detailed explanations on the preparation of equations using Mass-11 and the typewriter and is suitable for either classroom training or on-the-job use.
A computer controlled servo-hydraulic mechanical test system has been configured to conduct automated fatigue crack growth testing. This provides two major benefits: it allows continuous cycling of specimens without operator attention over evenings and weekends; and complex load histories, including random loading and spectrum loading, can be applied to the specimens to simulate cyclic loading of engineering structures. The software is written in MTS Multi-User Basic to control test machine output and acquire data at predetermined intervals. Compact tension specimens are cycled according to ASTM specification E647-86. Fatigue crack growth is measured via specimen compliance during the test using a compliance/crack length calibration determined earlier by visual crack length measurements. This setup was used to measure crack growth rates in 6063 aluminum alloy for a variety of cyclic loadings, including spectrum loads. Data collected compared well with tests run manually. 13 figs.
A liquid-metal pool-boiler solar receiver has been proposed to link a paraboloidal-dish concentrator to a Stirling heat engine operating in the temperature range 700--800/degree/C. Preliminary to the construction of a full-scale receiver of this type, a bench-scale version using liquid sodium was designed, built and tested. Conclusions drawn from the test included: (1) boiling instability will occur in the full-scale receiver unless special measures are taken, (2) boiling was stabilized in the bench-scale receiver after the addition of ''artificial cavities'', but other stabilizing influences may also have been present, (3) ''hot restarts'' can under some circumstances lead to unacceptably-high incipient-boiling superheats, (4) no thermal-fatigue damage was evident after 100 hours of boiling interspersed with 24 cooldown periods, (5) 0.01-inch-diameter sheathed thermocouples used to provide an estimate of heated-wall temperature survived over 100 hours at 830/degree/C, and (6) other instrumentation and control techniques that were tested were shown to be appropriate for future full-scale receiver tests. 27 refs., 24 figs., 4 tabs.
A program has been written that allows us to predict the trace-to- trace cross-coupling on printed circuit boards for many geometries of practical interest. It combines multiconductor transmission line analysis with circuit analysis in the time domain. Multiple sections of uniform lines, of varying number and characteristics, can be interconnected by passive circuit elements. These circuit elements may represent physical components or the effects of discontinuities in the lines. These predictions were compared with measurements for simple geometries, with good agreement in both waveshape and amplitude. The major discrepancies were in the amplitudes of fast rising spikes and are probably due to the fact that the predictions did not account for the increasing attenuation at high frequencies. 10 refs., 12 figs.
This report presents preliminary analyses of the Nunnally mass launcher. The Nunnally launcher is much like ones described in US Patents 1,370,200; 1,421,435; and 1,422,427 which were issued to A.L.O. Fauchon-Villeplee in the period 1917--1922. A discussion of why a high conductivity projectile impulsively accelerated in a uniform transverse B-field does not experience a drag force, even for very large magnetic Reynolds numbers (R/sub m/ = 10/sup 2/ /minus/ 10/sup 4/) is also presented. 1 ref., 7 figs.