Michael P. Frank

Cognitive & Emerging Computing

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Cognitive & Emerging Computing

mpfrank@sandia.gov

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(505) 284-4103

Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico
 P.O. Box 5800
 Albuquerque, NM 87185-1322

Biography

Hello, I’m currently (since Aug. 2015) a senior member of the technical staff at Sandia National Labs with a position designation of R&D S&E (Research & Development / Science & Engineering), Computer Science, with a primary appointment in the Cognitive & Emerging Computing department (1421) within the Extreme-Scale Computing Group (1420) at the Center for Computing Research (1400) in the Science & Technology division (1000). (My business card lists my title as "Senior Engineering Scientist," which seems suitably ambiguous.) My office is in the Computer Science Research Institute (CSRI) building.

My previous position spanning most years in the period 2004-2015, was as a faculty member in the ECE Department at the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering. This overlapped with a research associate position in the FAMU Physics Department from 2009-2012. Before that, in 1999-2004, I was an assistant professor in the CISE Department at the University of Florida, and also held an affiliate position in the ECE Department there. Some of my old research webpages are still available (e.g., a page at FSU, a rehosted page from UF). I did my graduate work in the MIT EECS program in the 1990s, and my undergrad in the Symbolic Systems program at Stanford.

Image of Photomicrograph-of-a-reversible-memory-cell
Reversible memory cell and test circuit. 
This is the first physical embodiment of the novel Ballistic Asynchronous Reversible Computing (BARC) model of computation developed at Sandia.  See here for additional images and details, and see slide 16 of this talk for a rough schematic. Approved for public release Aug. 2020, SAND2020-8005 O.

My primary research interests lie in the areas of:

  • Techniques for energy-efficient computing, with an emphasis on reversible computing, adiabatic circuits, and related methods;
  • Fundamental physical limits of computing (specially limits from thermodynamics);
  • Unconventional computer architectures, in particular, ones which can help us more closely approach the aforementioned fundamental limits;
  • Distributed and market-based computing systems;
  • Artificial intelligence and machine learning.

I’ve recently been quoted in articles relating to reversible computing in Scientific American and the Communications of the ACM.

Newest research products:

Over the last few years, the section after this one ("Overview of Notable Recent Work") has grown rather large and it’s become difficult to find the newest items.  So, here’s a shorter reverse-chronological list of items since the start of 2019.  For a more complete list of my Sandia publications, scroll all the way to the bottom of this page.

2023:

2022:

2021:

Cover of Entropy 23(6), June 2021

2020:

2019:

Overview of some notable recent work:

Most of my research relates to reversible computing, and in Sep. 2017, a general article that I produced on the subject was published in IEEE Spectrum (based on a longer manuscript).  Also, in Oct. 2017, I delivered a publicly-available lecture on the subject at the Stanford EE department’s Computer Systems Colloquium.  I also authored/edited the material discussing reversible computing (and co-edited the material on other emerging computing paradigms) that appeared in the Beyond CMOS chapter of the 2017, 2018, and 2020 editions of the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (successor to the long-running International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors).  I also contributed to the new chapter on Cryogenic Electronics and Quantum Information Processing, which includes some discussion of reversible superconducting logics.  Most recently, I delivered invited talks on reversible computing at the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (video, slides) in Nov. 2018, and the IEEE International Nanodevices & Computing Conference (slides) in Apr. 2019.

I’ve been working lately to clarify the theoretical foundations of reversible computing, and to generalize the concept of reversible computing in useful ways.  For example, I recently presented a paper titled "Physical Foundations of Landauer’s Principle" (for which slides and an extended postprint are publicly available) at the 2018 Reversible Computation conference.  This paper shows how Landauer’s Principle (relating information loss from a computation to entropy increase) can be rigorously inferred from fundamental principles of statistical physics that have been known for over a century, and emphasizes the essential role that correlations (in the sense of mutual information) play in its derivation.  It also discusses how to appropriately generalize Landauer’s principle and reversible computing to account for the thermodynamic implications of performing stochastic (randomizing) computational operations.

In 2017, I presented a paper on what I call Generalized Reversible Computing (GRC) (a preprint and slides and a longer manuscript are available) at the Reversible Computation conference.  This paper calls attention to the fact that the traditional definition of logical reversibility is insufficiently general, because it ignores the reversibility of operations that are only conditionally reversible, but whose preconditions for reversibility are satisfied.  Compared with the traditional theory of unconditionally reversible computing, GRC is more well-suited to use as the basis for adiabatic circuit design, and in general facilitates simplified designs for reversible hardware that can’t be properly modeled within traditional reversible computing theory.

Since late 2016, I’ve also been developing a new concept of Asynchronous (Ballistic) Reversible Computing (ARC or ABRC)–which I formally presented (preprint, slides, video) at the 2017 Rebooting Computing conference–which potentially could eliminate a lot of the clocking-related overheads that are associated with traditional adiabatic models of reversible computing, while also potentially operating at higher speeds, and avoiding the chaotic instabilities that are often associated with synchronous ballistic models of reversible computing, such as the classic Fredkin/Toffoli Billiard Ball Model.  An effort to implement the ABRC model using single flux quanta (SFQ) in Josephson-junction based superconducting circuits is currently starting up at Sandia.  A preliminary report (poster, preprint) on my work-in-progress on this project has been published.  New as of July 2019: We now have our first working circuit designs (talk, poster, preprint)!!

Earlier in 2016, I explored another concept for clockless reversible computing called Chaotic Logic (CL) (paper, talk, simulator), in which we tailor the nonlinear interactions between individual degrees of freedom in a conservative dynamical system in such a way that the natural chaotic dynamics of the system encodes a desired computation in its long-term average behavior.  Our preliminary simulation results appear to confirm our prediction that, using Chaotic Logic, reliable computation can still be carried out even using very tiny logic signal energies (at and even below the thermal noise floor).

Prior to all this, in Fall of 2015, I participated in inter-institutional discussions which led up to the White House’s announcement of a new Grand Challenge for future computing.  I provided input to the process of drafting the IEEE White Paper which supported (and helped inspire) this announcement.  An accompanying poster was also presented at the 4th IEEE Rebooting Computing Summit (in Dec. 2015) and some related papers were presented at the IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC 2016) (in Oct. 2016).  The general vision there was for a new type of future computer which harnesses nonlinear dynamical behavior of nanodevices operating "at the edge of chaos" to perform brain-inspired functions (such as Deep Learning) in a more energy-efficient way, by stepping outside the traditional paradigm of (irreversible) Boolean logic.  This broad vision subsumes reversible logic, neural-inspired computing, analog circuits and other computing approaches that have yet to be defined.

Pre-Sandia papers and talks

Following are some publications, manuscripts and presentations from my pre-Sandia years (therefore no SAND numbers), listed most recent first.  My more recent publications, through Sandia, are shown under "Selected Publications and Presentations" at the bottom of this page.

2015:

  • Michael P. Frank, "The Path to Discovering the Next Great Device Technology," job talk presented at Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, NM, May 20, 2015.

2014:

  • Michael P. Frank, “NDCoin:  A Cryptocurrency-Based Distributed Computing Market,” ECE Graduate Seminar, presented Sep. 9th, 2014, in the Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL.  PDF of talk slides.
  • Michael P. Frank, “Decentralized Virtual Currencies:  A Very Far-Reaching Innovation (The Case for Regulatory Permissiveness),” invited talk at the Florida Office of Financial Regulation, Tallahassee, FL, July 30, 2014.  Handout of talk slides (2/page) in PDF.
  • Michael P. Frank, Kamal E. Amin, Okenwa I. Okoli, Sungmoon Jung, Robert A. Van Engelen, and Chiang Shih, “Expanding and Improving the Integration of Multidisciplinary Projects in a Capstone Senior Design Course:  Experience Gained and Future Plans,” paper ID #9523 in the Proceedings of the 121st ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, June 15-18, 2014.
  • Michael P. Frank, “Reversible Computing:  A Cross-Disciplinary Introduction,” invited talk presented remotely to the Beyond Moore Research Challenge meeting, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, March 10th, 2014.  Slides in PowerPoint, PDF.
  • David Mondrus and Michael Frank, “The Promise of Crypto (Part 2 of 2),” Bitcoin Magazine, Feb. 13, 2014.  https://bitcoinmagazine.com/10137/promise-crypto-part-2-2/
  • Michael P. Frank and David Mondrus, “Introducing NDcoin:  A Cryptocoin-Based Concept for Incentivized, Distributed Nondeterministic Computation,” draft whitepaper, Feb. 1st, 2014.  PDF at http://ta.gd/NDcoin.
  • Luke Muehlhauser and Michael P. Frank, “Mike Frank on reversible computing,” interview, Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Jan. 31st, 2014.  http://intelligence.org/2014/01/31/mike-frank-on-reversible-computing/
  • Michael P. Frank, “Digital Cash, Bitcoin, and the Distributed Consensus Revolution,” ECE Graduate Seminar, presented Jan. 14, 2014, in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL.  PDF of talk slides.

2013:

2012:

  • Darryl W. McGowan, Jr., David R. Grosby, Michael P. Frank, Sachin Junnarkar, and Ray H. O’Neal, Jr., “Field Programmable Gate Array based Front-End Data Acquisition Module for the COSMICi Astroparticle Telescope System,” poster presented at Centenary Symposium 2012: Discovery of Cosmic Rays, Denver, CO, June 26-28, 2012.  Abstracts at: https://portfolio.du.edu/portfolio/getportfoliofile?uid=214129.
  • Darryl W. McGowan Jr., David R. Grosby, Michael P. Frank, Sachin Junnarkar, Ray H. O’Neal Jr., "Field Programmable Gate Array based Front-End Data Acquisition Module for the COSMICi Astroparticle Telescope System," preprint for journal publication, Apr. 2012, arXiv:1204.5104 (PDF available).
  • Michael P. Frank, “Towards a More General Model of Reversible Logic Hardware,” invited talk presented at the Superconducting Electronics Approaching the Landauer Limit and Reversibility (SEALeR) workshop, sponsored by NSA/ARO, Annapolis, MD, Mar. 15-16, 2012.  PDF of talk slides.
  • Michael P. Frank, “Space-Efficient Quantum Computer Simulators,” invited talk presented at the Laboratory for Physical Sciences at College Park, MD (revised version of SPIE 2009 talk), Mar. 14, 2012.  PDF of talk slides.

2011:

  • Michael P. Frank, "Controlling application-specific hardware in C on Altera FPGAs: a case study in embedded systems development," presented at the ECE Graduate Seminar, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Oct. 4th, 2011.  Presentation PDF (2 MB).

2010:

  • Michael P. Frank, Sachin S. Junnarkar, Triesha Fagan, Ray H. O’Neal, Jr., and Helio Takai, "Design of a Wireless Sensor Network with Nanosecond Time Resolution for Mapping of High-Energy Cosmic Ray Shower Events," presented in Session 1: Sensor Networks I of Conference 7706: Wireless Sensing, Localization, and Processing V, in the Information Systems and Networks: Processing, Fusion, and Knowledge Generation program track at the SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing Symposium, Orlando, FL, April 5-9, 2010, and to be published in the Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 7706, paper 7706-2 (2010).  Preprint PDF (597 KB).  Presentation PDF (6.4 MB).

2009:

  • Frank, M.P. and O’Neal, R.H., "The COSMICi Project: Wireless sensor networks for measuring direction of high-energy cosmic-ray showers," presented at the 2009 MARIACHI workshop, Jul. 6-10, SUNY Stony Brook, NY.  Presentation PDF (745 KB).
  • Michael P. Frank, Liviu Oniciuc, Uwe H. Meyer-Baese, and Irinel Chiorescu, “A space-efficient quantum computer simulator suitable for high-speed FPGA implementation,” Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 7342, Quantum Information and Computation VII, E. J. Donkor, A. R. Pirich, and H. E. Brandt, eds., 734203, 2009.  Manuscript as submitted.
  • Michael P. Frank, Uwe H. Meyer-Baese, Irinel Chiorescu, Liviu Oniciuc, and Robert A. van Engelen, "Space-Efficient Simulation of Quantum Computers," 47th ACMSE, Mar. 2009, Manuscript, slides.

2006:

2005:

2004:

  • Maojiao He, Michael P. Frank, and Huikai Xie, “CMOS-MEMS Resonator as a Signal Generator for Fully-Adiabatic Logic Circuits,” invited paper presented in the MEMS I session of the Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems II conference at the SPIE International Symposium on Smart Materials, Nano-, and Micro-Smart Systems, held 12-15 Dec. 2004, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.  Published in Proceedings of SPIE, vol. #5649, paper #18.  PDF file of paper manuscript, http://www.eng.fsu.edu/~mpf/Maojiao-SPIE-5649-18.pdf.
  • Michael P. Frank, “Nanocomputing Technology Requirements,” tutorial presented Nov. 23, 2004 at the IASTED International Conference on Advances in Computer Science and Technology (ACST 2004), St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands.  PDF file of talk slides, 2 per page: http://www.eng.fsu.edu/~mpf/IASTED-Nanocomp-Tutorial.pdf.
  • Michael P. Frank, “Physics as Computing,” talk presented Wed. Sep. 15, 2004 at the Quantum Computation for Physical Modeling (QCPM) Workshop, Martha’s Vineyard, MA, Sponsored by AFOSR.  Talk abstract: http://www.eng.fsu.edu/~mpf/QCPM-04/QCPM04-abstract.pdf. Talk slides, 2 per page:  http://www.eng.fsu.edu/~mpf/QCPM-04/QCPM04-slides.pdf.
  • Michael P. Frank, “The Future of Computing,” Graduate Seminar Talk, FAMU-FSU ECE Dept., Sep. 2, 2004.  Talk slides, 6 per page: http://www.eng.fsu.edu/~mpf/ECE-seminar/ECEsem-6up.pdf.
  • Two lectures presented at the Computing Beyond Silicon Summer School at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, July ’04:  “Physical Limits of Computing: A Brief Introduction,” http://www.eng.fsu.edu/~mpf/Caltech-CBSSS/PhysComp.ppt. “Reversible Computing: A Brief Introduction,” http://www.eng.fsu.edu/~mpf/Caltech-CBSSS/RevComp.ppt.
  • Venkiteswaran Anantharam, Maojiao He, Krishna Natarajan, Huikai Xie, and Michael P. Frank, “Driving Fully-Adiabatic Logic Circuits Using Custom High-Q MEMS Resonators,” paper presented at the 2004 workshop on Methodologies for Low Power Design (MLPD ’04), part of the Embedded Systems and Applications (ESA ’04) conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 21-24, 2004.  Published in Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Systems & Applications, ESA ’04, H.R. Arabnia, M. Guo, & L. T. Yang, eds., CSREA Press, pp. 5-11.
  • Michael P. Frank, "Adiabatic, Reversible Computing for Ultra-Power-Efficient DSP," invited presentation at Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, June 4, 2004.
  • Michael P. Frank, “A Technology-Independent Model of Nanoscale Logic Devices,” Technical Proceedings of the 2004 Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show, sponsored by NSTI, held in Boston, Mar. 7-11, 2004.  Volume 2, chapter 2, pages 29-32.
  • Michael P. Frank and Huikai Xie, UF patent application #11550, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/570,170, “High-Q MEMS Resonators and Adiabatic Logic Circuits Using the Same,” Feb. 2004
  • “Nanocomputer Systems Engineering,” invited talk delivered at the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, FAMU/FSU College of Engineering, Feb. 25, 2004.
  • Michael P. Frank, “Reversible Computing,” Developer 2.0 programmers’ magazine (affiliated w. Dr. Dobb’s Journal), India, Jan. 2004.
  • Michael P. Frank, "Nanocomputers-Theoretical Models," invited article (review chapter) in the Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hari Singh Nalwa, ed., American Scientific Publishers, 2004.  Manuscript at http://www.cise.ufl.edu/research/revcomp/Nanocomputers.doc.

2003:

  • Pradeep Padala and Michael P. Frank, “Design of a Self-evolving Scalable Matching Network for OCEAN,” poster paper accepted at the International Symposium on High-Performance Computing (HiPC’03), Dec. 2003.
  • Pradeep Padala, Cyrus Harrison, Nicholas Pelfort, Erwin Jansen, Michael P. Frank and Chaitanya Chokkareddy, “OCEAN: The Open Computation Exchange and Arbitration Network, A Market Approach to Meta computing,” in the proceedings of the International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing (ISPDC’03), Oct. 2003.
  • “The Imminent Practicality of Reversible Computing,” invited talk delivered at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, Aug. 28, 2003.  Powerpoint file at http://www.cise.ufl.edu/research/revcomp/talks/IBM-Talk.ppt.
  • Shashank Shetty, Pradeep Padala and Michael P. Frank. “A Survey of Market-Based Approaches to Distributed Computing,” University of Florida, Technical Report TR03-013, Aug, 2003.
  • Michael P. Frank, "Common Mistakes in Adiabatic Logic Design and How to Avoid Them," paper presented at Methodologies in Low-Power Design Workshop, part of the International Conference on Embedded Systems and Applications, at the International Multiconference in Computer Science & Computer Engineering, held in Las Vegas, Nevada, June 23-26, 2003.
  • Michael P. Frank, “Nanocomputer Systems Engineering,” paper presented at the NanoEngineering World Forum, sponsored by the International Engineering Consortium, held in Marlborough, MA, June 23-25, 2003.
  • Michael P. Frank, "Reversible Computing:  Quantum Computing’s Practical Cousin," invited general introductory lecture presented at the James H. Simons Foundation Conference on Quantum and Reversible Computing, Stony Brook, NY, May 28-31, 2003.
  • Michael P. Frank, "Nanocomputer Systems Engineering," proceedings of the 2003 Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show, held Feb. 23-27, 2003, San Francisco, CA.
  • Michael P. Frank and Huikai Xie, “Custom micro-electromechanical oscillator for generating custom-shaped resonant energy-recovering AC voltage waveforms for driving adiabatic circuits and other applications,” disclosure to University of Florida Office of Technology Licensing, 2003.

2002:

  • "Physical Computing Theory, Ultimate Models, and the Tight Church’s Thesis: A More Accurate Complexity Theory for Future Nanocomputing," invited talk given to the Algorithms & Theory Club, CISE dept., UF, Tue., Sep. 17, 2002.
  • Michael P. Frank, “Physical Limits of Computing,” Computing in Science and Engineering, 4(3):16-25, IEEE/AIP, May/June 2002.
  • Michael Frank and DoRon Motter, "Quantum Computer Architectures for Physical Simulations," invited talk presented by Frank at the Quantum Computation for Physical Modeling workshop sponsored by the Air Force research labs, held at Martha’s Vineyard, Wed., May 8, 2002. 
  • "Systems Engineering for Reversible Quantum Nanocomputers," invited talk given at University of Southern California, Dept. of Electrical Engineering (Architecture), Wed., May 1, 2002.
  • "Cost/Performance/Power Efficiency of Adiabatic Circuits, as a function of Device On/Off Power Ratios," talk given in the Brown Bag Seminar series, ECE Dept., UF, March 2002. 
  • Lecture on adiabatic circuits, untitled guest lecture delivered in Dr. Bill Eisenstadt’s VLSI class, ECE dept., Spr. 2002.
  • "Cost/Performance/Power tradeoffs in Adiabatic Logic," talk given in the Brown Bag Seminar, ECE Dept., UF, March 2002.
  • "Can Hintikka’s Independence-Friendly Logic Be Used to Prove the Non-Existence of the Reals?," talk given at the Logic Seminar, Math Dept., UF, March 2002.
  • Sama Govindaramanujam, Cyrus Harrison, Erwin Jansen, Sriram Kumar Nallan, Sahib Singh, and Michael P. Frank, “Locating Suitable Resources in OCEAN,” paper accepted for poster presentation at HiPC (High-Performance Computing), 2002.
  • Michael P. Frank, “Efficient, two-level, fully-adiabatic, pipelineable logic family,” disclosure to University of Florida Office of Technology Licensing, 2002. 

2001:

  • "Robust and Universal Reversible Machines & High-Level Programming Languages in a Recombinase DNA System," talk given at the DARPA/NSF BioComp PI meeting, Nov. 2001.
  • "A Mathematical Theory of Existence," invited philosophy talk given to UF’s Atheist/Agnostic Student Association, Nov. 2001.
  • "OCEAN: The Open Computation Exchange & Auctioning Network," talk given to the Harris Lab research group, summer 2001.
  • Michael P. Frank and M. Josephine Ammer, “Relativized Separation of Reversible and Irreversible Space-Time Complexity Classes,” preprint of draft article submitted to Information and Computation, May 24, 2001.  PDF at http://www.eng.fsu.edu/~mpf/revsep.pdf (reposted Jan. 26, 2014) .
  • "DNA Computing, Reversibility, and Physical Models of Computing", invited talk given at the University of Delaware’s ECE/CIS department, April 2001.
  • "Parallel and Distributed Technology and Infrastructure," personal research overview presented to the UF CISE department’s Industrial Advisory Board, March 2001.
  • "Quantum Computational Networks," lecture series delivered as part of the Quantum Computing seminar, Mathematics Department, University of Florida, March 2001.
  • "Reversible Logic and Its Looming Importance", Logic Seminar lecture, Mathematics Department, University of Florida, February 2001.

2000:

  • "OCEAN: The Open Computation Exchange & Arbitration Network: An Open Platform and Commodities Market for Distributed Computation", business proposal presented to the Cenetec technology incubator firm, November 2000.
  • "Adiabatic circuits and reversible logic: Prospects for Improving Computational Efficiency in Present and Future Computing Technologies," AeMES seminar, AeMES Department, University of Florida, September 2000.
  • "Adiabatic logic circuits for ultra-low-power computing," presentation to Intersil corporation, June 2000.

Major academic positions

  • Electrical & Computer Engineering faculty, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2004-2007 & 2010-2015.
  • Research Associate, FAMU Physics dept., 2008-2012.
  • Computer & Information Science & Engineering faculty, University of Florida, 1999-2004.

Education

  • Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, MIT, 1999.
  • M.S. in Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, MIT, 1994.
  • B.S. in Symbolic Systems, Stanford, 1991.

Publications

Michael P Frank, (2022). Continued Efficiency Scaling of General Digital Compute via Reversible Computing IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC 2022) Document ID: 1688086

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, (2022). Ballistic Asynchronous Reversible Computing in Superconducting Circuits IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC 2022) Document ID: 1678037

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, (2022). Ballistic Asynchronous Reversible Computing in Superconducting Circuits IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC 2022) Document ID: 1677841

Rupert M. Lewis, Michael P Frank, (2022). Two Circuits for directing and controlling ballistic fluxons Asc 2022 Document ID: 1653366

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, (2022). The Asynchronous Ballistic Approach to Reversible Superconducting Logic 2022 JSPS 146th Committee International Symposium on Superconductor Electronics Document ID: 1641014

Christopher Cordi, Michael P Frank, Kasimir Georg Gabert, Carollan Beret Helinski, Ryan Kao, Vladimir Kolesnikov, Abrahim Ladha, Nicholas Dylan Pattengale, (2022). Auditable, Available and Resilient Private Computation on the Blockchain via MPC CSCML 2022 The 6th International Symposium for Cyber Security, Cryptology, and Machine Learning 2022 Document ID: 1562799

Xuan Hu, Benjamin W. Walker, Felipe Garcia-Sanchez, Alexander J. Edwards, Peng Zhou, Jean Anne C. Incorvia, Alexandru Paler, Michael P Frank, Joseph S. Friedman, (2022). Logical and Physical Reversibility of Conservative Skyrmion Logic IEEE Magnetics Letters https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1872008 Document ID: 1506085

Steven Barry Kaplan, Rupert M. Lewis, Tom Mannos, Michael P Frank, (2022). Simple SPICE model for PTL loss Applied Superconductivity Conference Document ID: 1494406

Erik Debenedictis, Michael P Frank, Natesh (UMass) Ganesh, Neal G. Anderson (UMass), (2022). A Path Toward Ultra-Low-Energy Computing International Conference on Rebooting Computing Document ID: 531948

Christopher Cordi, Michael P Frank, Kasimir Georg Gabert, Carollan Beret Helinski, Ryan Kao, Vladimir Kolesnikov, Abrahim Ladha, Nicholas Dylan Pattengale, (2022). Auditable, Available and Resilient Private Computation on the Blockchain via MPC CSCML 2022 The 6th International Symposium for Cyber Security, Cryptology, and Machine Learning 2022 Document ID: 1493239

Rupert M. Lewis, Michael P Frank, (2022). Two circuits for directing and controlling ballistic fluxons Applied Superconductivity Conference, 2022 ) Document ID: 1492710

Michael P Frank, Karpur Shukla, (2022). Exploring Fundamental Dissipation Limits of Reversible Computing Technologies from Non-equilibrium Quantum Thermodynamics 2022 American Physical Society (APS) March Meeting Document ID: 1482271

Michael P Frank, Hannah Earley, Karpur Shukla, (2022). The Reversible Computing Scaling Path: Challenges and Opportunities 2022 Energy Consequences of Information Workshop Document ID: 1459998

Michael P Frank, Hannah Earley, Karpur Shukla, (2022). The Reversible Computing Scaling Path: Challenges and Opportunities 2022 Energy Consequences of Information Workshop Document ID: 1459833

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, (2022). Classifying the Potential Functional Behaviors of Superconducting Circuit Elements in the Ballistic Asynchronous Reversible Computing (BARC) Paradigm 14th International Conference on Reversible Computation (RC) Document ID: 1449077

Michael P Frank, Karpur Shukla, (2021). The Reversible Computing Scaling Path: Challenges and Opportunities 2022 Energy Consequences of Information Workshop Document ID: 1403296

Joseph S. Friedman, Sanjeev Aggarwal, Otitoaleke Akinola, Jayasimha Atulasimha, Christpher H. Bennett, Wesley H. Brigner, Dhritiman Bhattacharya, Maverick Chauwin, Can Cui, Laura Deremo, Alexander J. Edwards, Michael P Frank, Felipe Garcia-Sanchez, Naimul Hassan, Stephen K. Heinrich-Barna, Dimitri Houssameddine, Xuan Hu, Jean Anne C. Incorvia, Lisa Loomis, Frederick B. Mancoff, Matthew Marinella, Nathan R. McDonald, Alexandru Paler, Clare D. Thiem, Alvaro Velasquez, Benjamin W. Walker, Tianyao Xiao, Peng Zhou, (2021). Spintronic Phenomena for Reversible, Neuromorphic, and Reservoir Computing 2022 Energy Consequences of Information Workshop Document ID: 1392831

Michael P Frank, (2021). Reversible Computing — The Long-Term Future of General Digital Computing The International Conference for High-Performance Computing, Networking, Storage, and Analysis Document ID: 1380872

Michael P Frank, (2021). The Reversible Computing Future University of Massachusetts Amherst Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Colloquium Document ID: 1370565

X. Hu, B. W. Walker, F. Garcia-Sanchez, P. Zhou, J. A. C. Incorvia, A. Paler, Michael P Frank, J. S. Friedman, (2021). Logical and Physical Reversibility of Conservative Skyrmion Logic GOMACTech 2022 Document ID: 1368210

Michael P Frank, Karpur Shukla, (2021). Quantum Foundations of Classical Reversible Computing Entropy https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1787535 Document ID: 1317897

Michael P Frank, Karpur Shukla, (2021). Quantum Foundations of Classical Reversible Computing Informal collaboration meeting https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1870969 Document ID: 1317989

Michael P Frank, (2021). Reversible Computing with Fast, Fully Static, Fully Adiabatic CMOS IEEE International Symposium on Roadmapping Devices & Systems https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1870764 Document ID: 1317809

Michael P Frank, (2021). Current Status of Reversible Computing Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) Decadal Plan Committee Deep Dive https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1869150 Document ID: 1307059

Michael P Frank, (2021). Current Status of Reversible Computing Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) Decadal Plan Committee Deep Dive https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1869234 Document ID: 1306941

Michael P Frank, (2021). Perfectly Adiabatic CMOS Logic University of Kentucky ECE Department Colloquium https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1866902 Document ID: 1305808

Michael P Frank, (2021). Reversible Computing: The Only Future for General Digital Computing Laboratory for Physical Sciences — Annual Colloquium https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1861474 Document ID: 1292976

Michael P Frank, (2021). Reversible Computing as the Sustainable Path Forward for General Digital Computing Georgia Tech CRNCH Summit 2021 https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1843324 Document ID: 1266930

Michael P Frank, (2020). Reversible Computing with Fast, Fully Static, Fully Adiabatic CMOS IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC 2020) https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1833917 Document ID: 1232335

Michael P Frank, (2020). Reversible Computing as a Path Forward for Improving Dissipation-Delay Efficiency in Superconducting Computing Applied Superconductivity Conference (ASC 2020) https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1831040 Document ID: 1219834

Rupert M. Lewis, Tom Mannos, S.B. Kaplan, Jonathon Rose, Michael P Frank, Aaron Michael Pennington, (2020). Analysis of PTL routes for LSI of superconducting logic circuits Asc2020 https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1826986 Document ID: 1209524

Michael P Frank, (2020). Special Session: Exploring the Ultimate Limits of Adiabatic Circuits The 38th IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD 2020) https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1825605 Document ID: 1208962

Michael P Frank, (2020). Architectural, Algorithmic, and Systems Engineering Issues for Reversible Computing CCC Workshop on Physics & Engineering Challenges in Adiabatic/Reversible Classical Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1830955 Document ID: 1208223

Michael P Frank, (2020). Device & Circuit Technologies for Reversible Computing?An Introduction CCC Workshop on Physics & Engineering Challenges in Adiabatic/Reversible Classical Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1823230 Document ID: 1197408

Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, Michael David Henry, Michael P Frank, (2020). Asynchronous Ballistic Reversible Computing using Superconducting elements https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1671000 Document ID: 1207507

Michael P Frank, (2020). Fundamental Physics of Reversible Computing–An Introduction CCC Workshop on Physics & Engineering Challenges in Adiabatic/Reversible Classical Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1821576 Document ID: 1197100

Michael P Frank, (2020). Novel Reversible Devices and Systems Implications 2020 IEEE International Nanodevices & Computing (INC) Conference https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1819260 Document ID: 1196170

Michael P Frank, Robert W. Brocato, Nancy A. Missert, Brian David Tierney, (2020). Reversible Computing with Fast, Fully Static, Fully Adiabatic CMOS IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC 2020) https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1818770 Document ID: 1195069

Karpur Shukla, Victor V. Albert, Michael P Frank, Jimmy Xu, (2020). Fundamental Thermodynamic Limits of Classical Reversible Computing via GKSL Superoperators with Multiple Asymptotic States CCC Workshop on Physics & Engineering Challenges in Adiabatic/Reversible Classical Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1818029 Document ID: 1195074

Michael P Frank, Robert W. Brocato, Thomas Conte, Alexander Hsia, Anirudh Jain, Nancy A. Missert, Karpur Shukla, Brian David Tierney, (2020). Exploring the Ultimate Limits of Adiabatic Circuits The 38th IEEE International Conference on Computer Design https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1813925 Document ID: 1184522

Michael P Frank, (2020). Priority Research Challenges in the Physics and Engineering of Classical Reversible Computing Systems CCC Workshop on Physics & Engineering Challenges in Adiabatic/Reversible Classical Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1811970 Document ID: 1183167

Michael P Frank, Christopher Neal Cordi, Kasimir Georg Gabert, Carollan Beret Helinski, Ryan Kao, Vladimir Kolesnikov, Nicholas Dylan Pattengale, (2020). The GABLE Report: Garbled Autonomous Bots Leveraging Ethereum https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1763537 Document ID: 1116270

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, Karpur Shukla, (2020). Asynchronous Ballistic Reversible Computing using Superconducting Elements ACS BAA Portfolio Review https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1775317 Document ID: 1115596

Rupert M. Lewis, Michael P Frank, Nancy A. Missert, Matthaeus Wolak, Michael David Henry, (2020). Reversible Superconducting Logic for Low Power Computation (with Superconductors) Quantum Frontier Workshop https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1767110 Document ID: 1092356

Rupert M. Lewis, Michael P Frank, Matthaeus Wolak, Michael David Henry, Nancy A. Missert, (2020). Reversible Superconducting Logic for Low Power Computation Colorado School of Mines Quantum Frontier Institute Document ID: 1090324

Karpur Shukla, Michael P Frank, (2020). Pathfinding Thermodynamically Reversible Quantum Computation NSF QLCI Workshop on the Identification and Control of Fundamental Properties of Quantum Systems https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1763620 Document ID: 1090282

Rupert M. Lewis, Tom Mannos, Jonathon Rose, Steven Barry Kaplan, Michael P Frank, Aaron Michael Pennington, (2019). Analysis of PTL routes for large scale integrated superconducting logic circuits Applied Superconductivity Conference 2020 Document ID: 1068065

Michael P Frank, (2019). Reversible Computing as a Path Forward for Improving Dissipation-Delay Efficiency in Superconducting Computing (invited talk) 2020 Applied Superconductivity Conference Document ID: 1068502

Michael P Frank, (2019). Engineering of Reversible Computing Hardware: From Physics to Systems Document ID: 1068129

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, (2019). Experiment design for measuring energy dissipation for a ballistic reversible SFQ memory cell 2020 Applied Superconductivity Conference Document ID: 1068210

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, (2019). Implementing the Asynchronous Reversible Computing Paradigm in Josephson Junction Circuits 21st Biennial U.S. Workshop on Superconductor Electronics, Devices, Circuits, and Systems https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1642993 Document ID: 1043910

Erik Debenedicti, Michael P Frank, (2019). New Design Principles for Cold Electronics IEEE SOI-3D-Subthreshold Microelectronics Technology Unified Conference (S3S) https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1642759 Document ID: 1032626

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, Michael David Henry, Matthaeus Wolak, Erik DeBenedictis, (2019). Semi-Automated Design of Functional Elements for a New Approach to Digital Superconducting Electronics: Methodology and Preliminary Results 2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC) https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1641692 Document ID: 998910

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, Matthaeus Wolak, Michael David Henry, Erik DeBenedictis, (2019). Modeling Asynchronous Ballistic Reversible Computing (ABRC) Primitive Elements Using Superconducting Circuits International Superconductive Electronics Conference https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1641449 Document ID: 997331

Michael P Frank, (2019). Semi-Automated Design of Functional Elements for a New Approach to Digital Superconducting Electronics: Methodology and Preliminary Results International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC) https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1641322 Document ID: 996723

Erik Debenedictis, Michael P Frank, (2019). New Design Principles for Cold Electronics IEEE SOI-3D-Subthreshold Microelectronics Technology Unified Conference https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1641190 Document ID: 986160

Michael P Frank, Erik Debenedictis, Nancy A. Missert, Rupert M. Lewis, (2019). Innovative Low-Power Cryogenic Electronics for Quantum Control NQI collaboration meeting https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1645401 Document ID: 973439

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, (2019). Asynchronous Ballistic Reversible Computing Using Superconducting Elements ARO/NSA proposal abstract Document ID: 972236

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, Michael David Henry, Matthaeus Wolak, (2019). Semi-Automated Design of Functional Elements for a New Approach to Digital Superconducting Electronics: Methodology and Preliminary Results 2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC) Document ID: 961424

Michael P Frank, (2019). Why reversible computing is the only way forward for general digital computing IEEE International Nanodevices and Computing Conference (INC ?19) https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1639682 Document ID: 948614

Michael P Frank, (2019). Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) for Nonproliferation and Safeguards INMM Just Trust Me Workshop https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1639384 Document ID: 936714

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, Matthaeus Wolak, Michael David Henry, (2019). Asynchronous Ballistic Reversible Fluxon Logic IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1502118 Document ID: 936715

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, Michael David Henry, Matthaeus Wolak, (2019). Semi-automated design of functional elements for a new approach to digital superconducting electronics: Methodology and preliminary results 2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC) Document ID: 936852

Rupert M. Lewis, Michael David Henry, Travis Ryan Young, Michael P Frank, Matthaeus Wolak, Nancy A. Missert, (2019). Measuring changes in inductance with microstrip resonators IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1507742 Document ID: 914800

Karpur Shukla, Michael P Frank, (2019). Information Flows in Reversible Computing Out of Equilibrium, with Applications to Models of Topological Quantum Computing Southwest Quantum Information and Technology workshop https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1639199 Document ID: 914337

Erik Debenedictis, Michael P Frank, (2019). The National Quantum Initiative Will Also Benefit Classical Computers IEEE Computer https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1528997 Document ID: 888386

Michael P Frank, (2019). Priority Research Direction: Physics & Engineering of Reversible Computing Hardware CCC Workshop on Thermodynamic Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1583030 Document ID: 902146

Michael P Frank, (2018). Reversible Computing as a Path Towards Unbounded Energy Efficiency: Challenges and Opportunities 3rd IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1574580 Document ID: 889383

Michael P Frank, (2018). Improved superconducting logic families (asynchronous, ballistic, reversible, etc.) – A difficult engineering challenge for SCE Applied Superconductivity Conference https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1592362 Document ID: 888873

Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, Michael David Henry, Michael P Frank, Matthaeus Wolak, Travis Ryan Young, (2018). Measuring changes in inductance with microstrip resonators Applied Superconductivity Conference https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1593057 Document ID: 888181

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, Matthaeus Wolak, Michael David Henry, (2018). Asynchronous Ballistic Reversible Fluxon Logic 2018 Applied Superconductivity Conference (ASC) https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1593053 Document ID: 888451

Michael P Frank, (2018). Landauer’s principle and reversible computation in general nonequilibrium physical systems CCC Workshop on Thermodynamic Computing Document ID: 876897

Michael P Frank, (2018). Reversible Computing as a Path towards Unbounded Energy Efficiency: Challenges and Opportunities IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC 2018) Document ID: 876098

Michael P Frank, (2018). Physical Foundations of Landauer’s Principle 10th Conference on Reversible Computation https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1561572 Document ID: 854578

Michael P Frank, (2018). Engineering Challenges for Reversible Computing Hardware 7th meeting of COST Action IC1405 https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1561432 Document ID: 854294

Michael P Frank, (2018). Physical Foundations of Landauer’s Principle 10th International Conference on Reversible Computation https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1532825 Document ID: 830183

Michael P Frank, (2018). Sandians Contribute to the International Roadmap on Computing Technology Document ID: 797067

Michael P Frank, Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, Michael David Henry, (2018). Asynchronous Ballistic Reversible Fluxon Logic Applied Superconductivity Conference Document ID: 773103

Rupert M. Lewis, Nancy A. Missert, Michael David Henry, Michael P Frank, (2018). Measuring changes in inductance with micro-strip resonators Applied Superconductivity Conference 2018 Document ID: 772991

James Lyke, Jesse Mee, Arthur Edwards, Andrew Pineda, Erik Debenedictis, Michael P Frank, (2018). On the energy consequences of information for spacecraft systems 60th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1512066 Document ID: 612496

Arun F. Rodrigues, Michael P Frank, (2017). Challenges & Roadmap for Beyond CMOS Computing Simulation https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1413668 Document ID: 727330

Sriseshan (Ga Tech) Srikanth, Paul (Intel) Rabbat, Eric (Ga Tech) Hein, Bobin (Ga Tech) Deng, Thomas (Ga Tech) Conte, Erik Debenedictis, Jeanine Cook, Michael P Frank, (2017). Memory System Design for Ultra Low Power, Computationally Error Resilient Processor Microarchitectures 24th IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1483201 Document ID: 726192

Michael P Frank, (2017). Asynchronous Ballistic Reversible Computing 2nd IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC 2017) https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1511797 Document ID: 726294

Michael P Frank, (2017). Generalized Reversible Computing and the Unconventional Computing Landscape Stanford Electrical Engineering Computer Systems Colloqium https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1479260 Document ID: 714322

Michael P Frank, (2017). Asynchronous Ballistic Quantum Computing Quantum Coffee Hour https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1470923 Document ID: 671840

Gwendolyn Renae Voskuilen, Arun F. Rodrigues, Michael P Frank, Simon David Hammond, (2017). The Impact of Increasing Memory System Diversity on Applications CIS External Review Board https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1467973 Document ID: 670666

Michael P Frank, (2017). Asynchronous Ballistic Reversible Computing IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing 2017 https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1465493 Document ID: 670182

Erik Debenedictis, Jesse K. Mee, Michael P Frank, (2017). The Opportunities and Controversies of Reversible Computing IEEE Computer https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1377599 Document ID: 610995

Michael P Frank, (2017). Reversible Computing: The Answer to Scaling CIS External Review Board Meeting https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1464715 Document ID: 659789

Michael P Frank, (2017). Generalizations of the Reversible Computing Paradigm Santa Fe Institute workshop on Thermodynamics and ComputationToward a New Synthesis https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1464690 Document ID: 659538

Michael P Frank, (2017). The Future of Computing Depends on Making It Reversible IEEE Spectrum https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1429824 Document ID: 659603

Michael P Frank, (2017). Foundations of Generalized Reversible Computing 9th Conference on Reversible Computation https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1459778 Document ID: 636981

Michael P Frank, (2017). Adiabatic Circuits: A Tutorial Introduction Summer School on Reversible and Quantum Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1459779 Document ID: 636813

Michael P Frank, (2017). Feasible demonstration of ultra-low-power adiabatic CMOS for cubesat applications using LC ladder resonators The Tenth Workshop on Fault-Tolerant Spaceborne Computing Employing New Technologies https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1458095 Document ID: 625268

Michael P Frank, (2017). Fundamental Energy Limits and Reversible Computing Revisited Invited Talk, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1458032 Document ID: 612912

Gwendolyn Renae Voskuilen, Arun F. Rodrigues, Michael P Frank, Simon David Hammond, (2017). The Impact of Increasing Memory System Diversity on Applications Salishan Conference on High Speed Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1456666 Document ID: 623190

Michael P Frank, (2017). Foundations of Generalized Reversible Computing 9th Conference on Reversible Computation https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1456440 Document ID: 611955

Michael P Frank, (2017). Generalized Reversible Computing, Truly Adiabatic Circuits, and Asynchronous Ballistic Logic Energy Consequences of Information Workshop https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1648680 Document ID: 578945

Michael P Frank, (2017). Why Reversible Computing is the Only Long-Term Path for Sustained, Affordable Performance Growth Computational Science Seminar https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1505702 Document ID: 578946

Arun F. Rodrigues, Gwendolyn Renae Voskuilen, Michael P Frank, Simon David Hammond, (2017). NNSA Applications and Multi-level Memory Jowog34 https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1429443 Document ID: 577982

Sapan Agarwal, Jeanine Cook, Erik Debenedictis, Michael P Frank, Gert Cauwenburgs, Sriseshan Srikanth, Bobin Deng, Eric R. Hein, Pual G. Rabbat, Thomas M. Conte, (2016). Energy Efficiency Limits of Logic and Memory International Conference on Rebooting Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1402331 Document ID: 532066

Michael P Frank, Erik Debenedictis, (2016). Chaotic Logic: Presenting the Paper "A Novel Operational Paradigm for Thermodynamically Reversible Logic" IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1401927 Document ID: 531843

Gwendolyn Renae Voskuilen, Arun F. Rodrigues, Michael P Frank, Simon David Hammond, (2016). ASC L2 Milestone – Evaluation of Opportunities for Multi-Level Memory ASC L2 Milestone https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1393767 Document ID: 529827

Gwendolyn Renae Voskuilen, Arun F. Rodrigues, Michael P Frank, Simon David Hammond, (2016). Evaluating the Opportunities for Multi-Level Memory ? An ASC 2016 L2 Milestone https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1562218 Document ID: 529213

Gwendolyn Renae Voskuilen, Michael P Frank, Simon David Hammond, Arun F. Rodrigues, (2016). Evaluating the Opportunities for Multi-Level Memory – An ASC 2016 L2 Milestone https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1562213 Document ID: 529219

Gwendolyn Renae Voskuilen, Arun F. Rodrigues, Michael P Frank, Simon David Hammond, (2016). ASC L2 Milestone – Evaluation of Opportunities for Multi-Level Memory ASC L2 Milestone https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1529766 Document ID: 529211

Michael P Frank, Erik Debenedictis, (2016). A Novel Operational Paradigm for Thermodynamically Reversible Logic: Adibatic Transformation of Chaotic Nonlinear Dynamical Circuits IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1374005 Document ID: 506967

Michael P Frank, (2016). Physical Limits of Computing CCR Summer Seminar https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1373456 Document ID: 506969

Sapan Agarwal, Jeanine Cook, Erik Debenedictis, Michael P Frank, Gert Cauwenburghs, Sriseshan Srikanth, Bobin Deng, Eric Hein, Paul Rabbat, Thomas Conte, (2016). Energy Efficiency Limits of Logic and Memory International Conference on Rebooting Computing https://www.osti.gov/search/identifier:1373469 Document ID: 476767

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