(National Institute of Standards and Technology) Reference functional model for the activities and processes involved in recovering traction lithium batteries at the end of their use/life. The model includes inputs and outputs of each activity, as well as factors that constrain and enable the activities (controls and mechanisms), using the IDEF0 methodology. It provides a unified point of reference that enables stakeholders to identify new opportunities, inform strategic decision-making, and drive innovation within the emerging battery recovery industry. The model is available as downloadable files and hosted on a website to view and explore directly.
Link to Dataset
Reference model for lithium-based traction battery recovery
Date last updated: 2026