On January 20, 2026, Sandia researchers Niranjan Bhujel and Ujjwol Tamrakar published the chapter titled “Optimization Framework for Frequency and Parameter Estimation in Low-Inertia Power Systems for Fast-Frequency Support” in the book “Power System Inertia, Strength, and RoCoF.” The chapter is based on the work performed by Niranjan Bhujel and Ujjwol Tamrakar on the development of fast frequency support and inertia estimation of microgrids. Microgrids can strengthen grid resilience and help mitigate disturbances by operating while the main grid is down and functioning as a grid resource for faster system response and recovery. However, microgrids can experience higher frequency excursions — temporary deviations in grid frequency caused by a mismatch in electricity demand and supply — due to low inertia. The developed frequency support approach reduces frequency excursion which helps to increase power quality in the microgrids. Further, inertia estimation helps monitoring the system. The book chapter can be useful for research working on microgrids stability, power quality, fast frequency support, etc.
Citation: D. A. Copp, N. Bhujel, U. Tamrakar, and R. Tonkoski, “Optimization framework for frequency and parameter estimation in low-inertia power systems for fast-frequency support,” in Power System Inertia, Strength, and RoCoF, F. Shahnia, Y. Liu, and P. A. Pegoraro, Eds. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2026, pp. 115–139, ISBN: 978-981-95-3708-2. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-3708-2_5. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-3708-2_5.
This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity (OE), Energy Storage Division.