7.22. Directed Energy

This section is referenced in the following other sections

Simulation Setup: Directed Energy

7.22.1. Directed Energy Model

Scope: Aria Region, Equation System, Explicit Equation System, Root Finder Equation System
Summary: Application of a directed energy model, which can be useful in simulating laser, electron beam, or plasma arc heating

begin Directed Energy Model Model Name

   Activation Temperature {=} value

   Add Surface value...

   Add Volume value...

   Deposition {=} {false | true}

   Integrated {=} {false | true}

   Origin And Normal Function {=} value

   Path Function {=} value

   Toggle {=} value

   begin Beer Lambert Source
   end

   begin Conical Source
   end

   begin Double Ellipsoidal Source
   end

   begin Ellipsoidal Source
   end

   begin Gaussian Power Weld Flux
   end

   begin Hemisphere Source
   end

   begin Parallelepiped Source
   end

   begin Sharp Power Weld Flux
   end

   begin Sphere Source
   end

end Directed Energy Model Model Name

7.22.1.1. Line Commands

Activation Temperature

Syntax: Activation Temperature {=} value
Summary: Specifies temperature in which an activation field for elements that have gone over this activation temperature will be maintained.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Add Surface

Syntax: Add Surface value…
Summary: Specify the surfaces for the application of the directed energy model

Parameter	Value	Default
value	string…	–

Add Volume

Syntax: Add Volume value…
Summary: Specify the blocks for the application of the directed energy model

Parameter	Value	Default
value	string…	–

Deposition

Syntax: Deposition {=} {false | true}
Summary: Whether or not to disable source on elements that are not currently deposited. If true, the source will only be applied to elements with ‘deposit’ field active.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	{false \| true}	–

Integrated

Syntax: Integrated {=} {false | true}
Summary: Whether or not to integrate the directed energy over the time-step to allow for larger time-steps. If true, the source will be integrated over the time step and the time average applied

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	{false \| true}	–

Origin And Normal Function

Syntax: Origin And Normal Function {=} value
Summary: Specifies the position and direction function as a function of time for a directed energy beam flux. Function column headings must be: time X Y Z nx ny nz where -(nx ny nz) defines the beam orientation.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	string	–

Path Function

Syntax: Path Function {=} value
Summary: Specifies a time and position function for which a laser source is applied in the named volume. Function column headings must be: time X Y Z nx ny nz where -(nx ny nz) defines the depth direction.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	string	–

Toggle

Syntax: Toggle {=} value
Summary: Specify the toggle block to use for the laser

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	string	–

7.22.1.2. Beer Lambert Source

Summary: Selects the Beer Lambert laser source model. Refer to Section Beer-Lambert for more details.

begin Beer Lambert Source

   Beam Diameter {=} value

   Effective Beam Diameter {=} value

   Efficiency {=} value

end Beer Lambert Source

7.22.1.2.1. Line Commands

Beam Diameter

Syntax: Beam Diameter {=} value
Summary: Specifies laser spot size.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Effective Beam Diameter

Syntax: Effective Beam Diameter {=} value
Summary: Specifies laser spot diameter.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Efficiency

Syntax: Efficiency {=} value
Summary: Specifies fraction of power used in this source

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

7.22.1.3. Conical Source

Summary: Selects the Conical laser source model. This model uses a Gaussian distribution type. Refer to Conical for more details.

begin Conical Source

   Beam Diameter {=} value

   Beam Diameter At Depth {=} value

   Efficiency {=} value

   Penetration Depth {=} value

end Conical Source

7.22.1.3.1. Line Commands

Beam Diameter

Syntax: Beam Diameter {=} value
Summary: Specifies laser spot size.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Beam Diameter At Depth

Syntax: Beam Diameter At Depth {=} value
Summary: Specifies effective diameter at depth.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Efficiency

Syntax: Efficiency {=} value
Summary: Specifies fraction of power used in this source

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Penetration Depth

Syntax: Penetration Depth {=} value
Summary: Specifies the depth of beam penetration.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

7.22.1.4. Double Ellipsoidal Source

Summary: Selects the Ellipsoid laser source model. This model uses a Gaussian distribution type. Refer to Double Ellipsoid for more details.

begin Double Ellipsoidal Source

   Aft Travel Semi Axis {=} value

   Depth Semi Axis {=} value

   Efficiency {=} value

   Fore Power Fraction {=} value

   Fore Travel Semi Axis {=} value

   Width Semi Axis {=} value

end Double Ellipsoidal Source

7.22.1.4.1. Line Commands

Aft Travel Semi Axis

Syntax: Aft Travel Semi Axis {=} value
Summary: Defines the aft (negative) travel direction semiaxis for the double ellipsoidal source model.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Depth Semi Axis

Syntax: Depth Semi Axis {=} value
Summary: Defines the depth direction semiaxis for the ellipsoidal, double ellipsoidal and rectangular source model.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Efficiency

Syntax: Efficiency {=} value
Summary: Specifies fraction of power used in this source

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Fore Power Fraction

Syntax: Fore Power Fraction {=} value
Summary: Defines the power fraction in the fore (positive travel direction) half ellipsoid in the double ellipsoidal source model.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Fore Travel Semi Axis

Syntax: Fore Travel Semi Axis {=} value
Summary: Defines the fore (positive) travel direction semiaxis for the double ellipsoidal source model.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Width Semi Axis

Syntax: Width Semi Axis {=} value
Summary: Defines the width direction semiaxis for the ellipsoidal, double ellipsoidal and rectangular source model.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

7.22.1.5. Ellipsoidal Source

Summary: Selects the Ellipsoid laser source model. This model uses a Gaussian distribution type. Refer to Ellipsoid for more details.

begin Ellipsoidal Source

   Depth Semi Axis {=} value

   Efficiency {=} value

   Travel Semi Axis {=} value

   Width Semi Axis {=} value

end Ellipsoidal Source

7.22.1.5.1. Line Commands

Depth Semi Axis

Syntax: Depth Semi Axis {=} value
Summary: Defines the depth direction semiaxis for the ellipsoidal, double ellipsoidal and rectangular source model.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Efficiency

Syntax: Efficiency {=} value
Summary: Specifies fraction of power used in this source

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Travel Semi Axis

Syntax: Travel Semi Axis {=} value
Summary: Defines the travel direction semiaxis for the ellipsoidal, double ellipsoidal and rectangular source model.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Width Semi Axis

Syntax: Width Semi Axis {=} value
Summary: Defines the width direction semiaxis for the ellipsoidal, double ellipsoidal and rectangular source model.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

7.22.1.6. Gaussian Power Weld Flux

begin Gaussian Power Weld Flux

   Beam Diameter {=} value

   Clip Diameter {=} value

   Effective Beam Diameter {=} value

   Efficiency {=} value

end Gaussian Power Weld Flux

7.22.1.6.1. Line Commands

Beam Diameter

Syntax: Beam Diameter {=} value
Summary: Specifies laser spot size.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Clip Diameter

Syntax: Clip Diameter {=} value
Summary: Specifies laser spot size.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Effective Beam Diameter

Syntax: Effective Beam Diameter {=} value
Summary: Specifies laser spot diameter.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Efficiency

Syntax: Efficiency {=} value
Summary: Specifies fraction of power used in this source

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

7.22.1.7. Hemisphere Source

Summary: Selects the HEMISPHERE laser source model. When used with a Gaussian DISTRIBUTION, all source types produce maximum intensity at the center of the laser spot. Aside from the ACTIVATION SPHERE model these sources are currently limited to paths aligned with the x,y,z coordinate directions. Refer to Hemispherical for more details

begin Hemisphere Source

   Beam Diameter {=} value

   Distribution {=} {gaussian | uniform}

   Efficiency {=} value

end Hemisphere Source

7.22.1.7.1. Line Commands

Beam Diameter

Syntax: Beam Diameter {=} value
Summary: Specifies laser spot size.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Distribution

Syntax: Distribution {=} {gaussian | uniform}
Summary: Defines how the laser energy is deposited onto the source geometry. Generally speaking the spatial distribution is GAUSSIAN centered on the source point but for fiber bundles one may opt for the top hat or UNIFORM distribution.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	{gaussian \| uniform}	–

Efficiency

Syntax: Efficiency {=} value
Summary: Specifies fraction of power used in this source

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

7.22.1.8. Parallelepiped Source

Summary: Selects the Parallelpiped laser source model. This model uses a uniform distribution type. Refer to Parallelpiped for more details.

begin Parallelepiped Source

   Efficiency {=} value

   Penetration Depth {=} value

   Travel Semi Axis {=} value

   Width Semi Axis {=} value

end Parallelepiped Source

7.22.1.8.1. Line Commands

Efficiency

Syntax: Efficiency {=} value
Summary: Specifies fraction of power used in this source

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Penetration Depth

Syntax: Penetration Depth {=} value
Summary: Specifies the depth of beam penetration.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Travel Semi Axis

Syntax: Travel Semi Axis {=} value
Summary: Defines the travel direction semiaxis for the ellipsoidal, double ellipsoidal and rectangular source model.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Width Semi Axis

Syntax: Width Semi Axis {=} value
Summary: Defines the width direction semiaxis for the ellipsoidal, double ellipsoidal and rectangular source model.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

7.22.1.9. Sharp Power Weld Flux

begin Sharp Power Weld Flux

   Beam Diameter {=} value

   Clip Diameter {=} value

   Efficiency {=} value

end Sharp Power Weld Flux

7.22.1.9.1. Line Commands

Beam Diameter

Syntax: Beam Diameter {=} value
Summary: Specifies laser spot size.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Clip Diameter

Syntax: Clip Diameter {=} value
Summary: Specifies laser spot size.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Efficiency

Syntax: Efficiency {=} value
Summary: Specifies fraction of power used in this source

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

7.22.1.10. Sphere Source

Summary: Selects the Sphere laser source model. When used with a Gaussian DISTRIBUTION, all source types produce maximum intensity at the center of the laser spot. Aside from the ACTIVATION SPHERE model these sources are currently limited to paths aligned with the x,y,z coordinate directions. Refer to Spherical for more details

begin Sphere Source

   Beam Diameter {=} value

   Distribution {=} {gaussian | uniform}

   Efficiency {=} value

end Sphere Source

7.22.1.10.1. Line Commands

Beam Diameter

Syntax: Beam Diameter {=} value
Summary: Specifies laser spot size.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

Distribution

Syntax: Distribution {=} {gaussian | uniform}
Summary: Defines how the laser energy is deposited onto the source geometry. Generally speaking the spatial distribution is GAUSSIAN centered on the source point but for fiber bundles one may opt for the top hat or UNIFORM distribution.

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	{gaussian \| uniform}	–

Efficiency

Syntax: Efficiency {=} value
Summary: Specifies fraction of power used in this source

Parameter	Value	Default
{=}	{= \| are \| is}	–
value	real	0

7.22.1.11. Absorption and Power Commands

Along with the lines listed above, absorption and power can be specified in the Directed Energy Model block with the syntax

[PROPERTY] = [MODEL] [MODEL ARGS...]

See the list below for all possible options: