Frequently Asked Questions

We have answers to frequently asked questions about PV.

• Why should I use photovoltaics?
• Can I afford photovoltaics?
• Tell me about solar resource
• How long do PV systems last?
• Can I design and install a system myself?
• How much system maintenance is required?
• Where can I buy PV systems or components?
• What about system availability?

What are the fundamentals of PV?

Photovoltaic systems use semiconductor technology to convert sunlight directly into electricity. The systems are simple and quiet, and require no moving parts. Batteries store energy for use when the sun is not shining. Photovoltaic systems come in a near infinite number of sizes, ranging from a single solar cell to power a calculator or a single module (containing multiple cells) to power a light; to multiple modules to power a water pump or a home; to large arrays of modules to provide industrial-scale power. Photovoltaic technology is well established and field proven, and many sizes and types of modules are commercially available from a number of different companies.

What are appropriate applications?

Photovoltaic systems are especially well suited to locations where accessing an electrical grid is either not feasible or expensive. In many such locations, photovoltaic technology is the least-cost option for meeting remote energy needs. Photovoltaics has proven to be a reliable source of power in an ever-growing number of applications. Lighting is one common use for these systems. Cost-effective applications of lighting powered by photovoltaics include small garden lights, street lights, lighting for recreational areas, highway signs, warning signs and signals, and for businesses and homes both in the developed and developing world. Photovoltaics is ideal and commonly used for water pumping because water can be pumped into a storage tank during daylight hours, then distributed by gravity whenever it is needed. Photovoltaic systems commonly pump water for remote livestock watering tanks, and in the developing world, entire village water supplies are powered by photovoltaics. Other uses include remote monitoring, refrigeration, and energy for small commercial ventures. Virtually any power need can be met with photovoltaics, although some are more cost-effective than others.

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