A single tank or combination of tanks, including piping that is permanently installed; contains petroleum, including crude oil; and holds more than ninety percent of its volume above the surface of the ground. Tanks in vaults and special enclosures are ASTs.

Include, but are not limited to, grinding, buffing, sanding, polishing, machining, abrasive blasting or sawing, melting or casting, welding, brazing, torch cutting, or heat treating, destructive testing.

The average energy imparted by ionizing radiation to the matter in a volume element. The absorbed dose is expressed in units of rad (or gray) (1 rad = 0.01 grays).

Alternating current.

A device employing electrostatic or electromagnetic fields to impart kinetic energy to molecular, atomic or sub-atomic particles and capable of creating a radiological area. The following devices are excluded:

• Unmodified commercially available units that are acceptable for industrial applications, including (but not limited to) electron microscopes, ion implant devices, and x-ray generators.
• Non-medical x-ray devices with the capability of accelerating particles to energies not greater than 10 MeV, which are operated in accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) N43.3-1993, General Radiation Safety-Installations Using Non-Medical X-Ray and Sealed Gamma-Ray Sources, Energies Up to 10 MeV, or in accordance with another applicable consensus standard as directed by the cognizant Field Element manager. [At Sandia, operations conducted under the Radiological Protection Procedures Manual, Chapter 10 meet this requirement.]
• Low-voltage neutron generators incapable of creating a radiological area and which are operated in accordance with National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) Report 72-1983, Radiation Protection and Measurements for Low-Voltage Neutron Generators, or in accordance with another applicable consensus standard as directed by the cognizant Field Element manager. For the purpose of this Order, a low-voltage neutron generator is defined as a bench-top scale, single-purpose device generating neutrons by accelerating deuterons or tritons into targets through a maximum accelerating potential not greater than 600 kV.

A structured method for verifying that hardware, personnel, and procedures associated with commissioning or routine operation are ready to permit the activity to be undertaken safely.

Allowing close approach; not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means.
Note: This definition only applies to the Electrical Safety Manual.

Conditions that shall exist in a confined space to allow personnel to enter confined spaces and to ensure personnel involved with a confined space entry can safely enter into and work within the confined space.

Establishes the allowable atmospheric concentration limits for entry into a permit-required confined space (PRCS). The allowable limits are written on the permit. An atmosphere containing airborne contaminants that are below those levels identified as a "hazardous atmosphere" may be considered acceptable for entry.

A process or condition with no observed problems.

Specific values, conditions, or range of parameters within which a facility operator has proposed to operate the facility and which the DOE has accepted during its review of the facility Authorization Basis.

An unintended sequence of events that result in an undesired consequence.

For purposes of properly implementing the USQ process, the term refers to those bounding analyses selected for inclusion in the SAR. These analyses refer to design basis accidents only.

A worker who has an improved ability to tolerate heat stress through a gradual physiological adaptation is said to be acclimated. Acclimation can be gained in 1 to 2 weeks and will noticeably begin to diminish after 4 days of no longer being exposed to the heat stressor.

Adapted to a given temperature extreme.

Liability (held answerable) for performance and/or outcomes.

A sealed radioactive source having a half-life equal to or greater than 30 days and an isotopic activity equal to or greater than the corresponding value provided in Appendix E (Word file/Acrobat file in the Radiological Protection Procedures Manual.

Note: Where there is a combination of radionuclides in known quantities, derive the value for the combination as follows: determine for each radionuclide in the combination, the ratio between the quantity present and the value otherwise established for the specific radionuclide when not in combination. If the sum of such ratios for all radionuclides in the combination exceeds unity (1), then the accountability criterion has been exceeded.

Collection of characterized, compatible wastes in a designated accumulation point.

A storage location that achieves a greater than 90% chemical inventory accuracy percentage using the following calculation:

Percent accurate =
Number of unique chemical containers found in correct location* (100)
Number of unique containers expected to be found according to CIS

Administrative Control Level.

A new or continuing project, program, or activity. Examples of SNL actions include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Research, development, and testing projects and programs
• Construction projects, including relocation and renovation projects
• Laboratory testing
• Outdoor testing

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) published chemical specific averaged 8-hour exposure level (concentration in air) which is typically one half the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL).

Is the level of airborne concentration of beryllium (0.2 micrograms beryllium per cubic meter (μg Be/m 3), calculated as an 8-hour time weighted average exposure, as measured in the worker's breathing zone by personal monitoring) that if met or exceeded, requires the implementation of worker protection provisions.

A status identified in the Device and Radioactive Source Tracking System (DARTS) for radiation-generating devices and accountable radioactive sources that are used on a routine basis (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly).

Facilities, operations, processes, systems, or projects that are subject to an Operational Readiness Review (ORR) or Readiness Assessment (RA) prior to startup or restart.

A PHS that includes all the attributes of a JSA (job safety analysis), in addition to the documented PHS output for which the PHS process is designed, which are the hazards, the major requirements for the identified hazards and controls, and the facility's or operation's hazard classification. An activity-level PHS identifies specific and unique hazards associated with specific activity-level work, and prescribes mitigating controls for these identified hazards.

Criteria
Are hazards identified at the task level?

• What are the hazards associated with each specific work procedure step?
• Do these hazards have specific hazard-related attributes, associated with accomplishing that specific procedure step, that are not typically reflected in a PHS?

Are controls assigned that address each specific task-level hazard?

• Task-level hazard may need specific control(s) related to:
  • How the hazard is encountered
  • Other hazards that may be present

Other factors associated with accomplishing the specific work procedure step

Any job, task, or sub-task (e.g., any activity, step, or action that is part of an instruction, procedure, process, sequence of steps, or evolution) performed in the field or on the floor either at DOE/NNSA sites/facilities or offsite where hazards are present, safety concerns are a particular issue, special quality requirements are applicable, or special security conditions must be met. Concerns exist associated with either the work area environment or hands-on activities that may or may not be intrusive to a system, structure, component, or equipment, and involve the manipulation of tools, materials, or equipment. The work could potentially adversely affect worker health or safety (e.g., result in worker injury or sickness) if the worker is exposed to hazards, such as, radiological, chemical, industrial, biological, and other types of hazards. This definition includes tasks performed by stand-by and support personnel, e.g., a radiological control technician, an electrical safety observer/watch, or a confined space entry watch, who are expected to take hands-on action under emergency or abnormal circumstances. This definition excludes common activities that the general public routinely conducts and accepts on a daily basis, such as those associated with commuting to and from work and those associated with routine office work.

A particle size in an aerosol where fifty percent of the activity in the aerosol is associated with particles of aerodynamic diameter greater than the AMAD.

To gain possession of by purchasing, leasing, renting, or borrowing.

An unused and possibly off-specification commercial chemical product, including container residues and spill residues (such as contaminated soils and water) having a generic name as listed in 40 CFR 261.33(e).

Those substances which are highly toxic or toxic as defined in 29 CFR 1910.1450 and may be fatal or cause damage to target organs as the result of a single exposure or exposures of short duration.

Method of controlling exposure of SNL personnel by job rotation, work assignment, or time periods away from a hazard. Work planning documents and work-related training and certifications, which are two key areas of requirements and standards tailoring, are examples of administrative controls.

Method of controlling employee exposures by job rotation, work assignment, time periods away from the hazard, or training in specific work practices designed to reduce the exposure.

A piece of equipment or a system that must be locked or tagged for reasons unrelated to maintenance or service.

The provisions relating to organization and management, procedures, recordkeeping, assessment, and reporting necessary to ensure safe operation of a facility.

A numerical dose constraint established at a level below the occupational exposure limits in Chapter 1, Radiological Work Planning and Controls, to administratively control and help reduce individual and collective dose.

The provisions relating to organization and management, procedures, record keeping, assessment, and reporting necessary to ensure safe operation of a facility. Specific values, conditions, or range of parameters within which a facility operator has proposed to operate the facility and DOE has accepted during its review of the facility authorization basis.

Albuquerque Environmental Health Department

Acceptable entry reference level.

A manager who has members of the workforce, space, equipment, real property or operations that could be impacted by radiological work for which they are not responsible.

A Member of the Workforce whose job requires the operation or use of a machine or equipment on which servicing or maintenance is being performed under lockout or tagout, or whose job requires him/her to work in an area in which such servicing or maintenance is being performed.

Physical agents for which the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIHs) have established health-based occupational exposure limits and are addressed under the SNL Industrial Hygiene Program. This includes the following: :

• Acoustic
• Infrasound and Low-Frequency Sound
• Noise
• Ultrasound
• Electromagnetic Radiation and Fields
• Static Magnetic Fields
• Sub-Radiofrequency Magnetic Fields
• Sub-Radiofrequency and Static Electric Fields
• Radio frequency and Microwave Radiation
• Light and Near-Infrared Radiation
• Ultraviolet Radiation
• Lasers
• Thermal Stress
• Cold Stress
• Heat stress and Heat Strain
• Ergonomics
• Hand Activity Level
• Lifting
• Hand-arm (segmental) Vibration
• Whole-body vibration.

Chemicals which cause decreased hemoglobin function and deprive the body tissues of oxygen.

Chemicals which irritate or damage pulmonary tissues.

A group of particles held together by relatively weak forces (e.g., Van der Walls or capillary), that may break apart into smaller particles upon processing.

A discrete group of particles in which the various individual components are not easily broken apart, such as in the case of primary particles that strongly bonded together (e.g., fused, sintered, or metallically bonded particles).

The collective effect that results when two or more hazards - usually from two or more separate primary hazard screens - are encountered simultaneously during one process, activity, or work step, and which is often greater than the effect of any one of the hazards if encountered individually during the same process, activity, or work step.

Discharge dispersed into the air by an SNL/NM organization and onsite contractor who:

• Handle or have the potential to generate beryllium, radionuclides, asbestos emissions, or other hazardous pollutants.
• Detonate explosives or ignite rocket motors.
• Burn material in the open air, which emits aerosols, fumes, particulate matter, or smoke.
• Disturb more than ¾ acre of soil.
• Demolish more than 75,000 cubic feet of building space.
• Construct new buildings, structures, or facilities that, in the future, have the potential to generate air pollutants.
• Modify or relocate sources that emit air contaminants.

Ambient air temperature determined by dry bulb thermometry.

A respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying element.

Radioactive material dispersed in the air in the form of dusts, fumes, particulates, mists, vapors, or gases.

Any area, accessible to individuals, where:

1. The concentration of airborne radioactivity, above natural background, exceeds or is likely to exceed the derived air concentration (DAC) values listed in Appendix A (Word file/Acrobat file) or Appendix C (Word file/Acrobat file) of the Radiological Protection Procedures Manual; or
2. An individual present in the area without respiratory protection could receive an intake exceeding 12 DAC-hours in a week.

A device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air, including heavier-than-air and lighter-than-air aircraft, airplanes, gliders, helicopters, rigid and non-rigid airships, and balloons.

The addition to or change in instrumentation or structural modifications to the airframe which may affect the airworthiness of an aircraft.

The aircraft operator is the owner of the aircraft.

The use of aircraft in support of SNL projects, tests, or other operations.

As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means a specific make and basic model of aircraft, including modifications thereto that do not change its handling or flight characteristics. Examples include DC-7, 1049, and F-27.

The condition and configuration of an aircraft making it fit for operation in the air.

As low as reasonably achievable.

Any liquor, wine, beer, spirits, ethanol, or other preparations containing alcohol.

Annual limit on intake.

The general air in the area of interest (e.g., the general room atmosphere), as distinct from a specific stream or volume of air that may have different properties.

Administrative Management Committee

Current-carrying capacity of electric conductors expressed in amperes.

Any chemical produced in-house for physical or structural analysis which will be under the control of a person cognizant of the chemical hazard, and will be used within a normal work shift.

365 days from the month and day the activity (e.g., survey, leak test, inventory) was last performed.

The derived limit for the amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year. ALI is the smaller value of intake of a given radionuclide in a year by the reference man (ICRP Publication 23) that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5 rems (0.05 sievert) or a committed dose equivalent of 50 rems (0.5 sievert) to any individual organ or tissue. ALI values for intake by ingestion and inhalation of selected radionuclides are based on Table 1 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Federal Guidance Report No. 11, Limiting Values of Radionuclide Intake and Air Concentration and Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation, Submersion, and Ingestion, published September 1988. This document is available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

American National Standards Institute

American National Standards Institute/American Nuclear Society

An apparent cause is associated with each causal factor and is the underlying reason that the causal factor occurred. The apparent cause is derived from the Causal Analysis Tree (see DOE M 231.1-2, Occurrence Reporting and Processing of Operations Information, Chapter 11, "Occurrence Reporting Model and Causal Analysis Tree") and not from the root cause analysis. Every apparent cause is represented by a causal analysis code in the format: ABC.

Any device used for household or commercial purposes (e.g., air conditioner, refrigerator, chiller) that contains and uses any class I or class II ozone-depleting substance as a refrigerant.

The step preceding the USQ process that ensures items under consideration that do not need USQ processing are screed out before the process is initiated.

A documented activity performed according to written procedures and specified criteria to evaluate the compliance and conformance of an organization with programs, standards, and other requirements contained in orders, laws, and regulations, or other requirements invoked by SNL.

Work on circuits >50 volts which, if de-energized, would result in an increased or additional hazard or if de-energizing the circuit is not feasible due to equipment design or operational limitations. See also Critical Systems.

Accepted by the authority having jurisdiction. Accepted, certified, listed, labeled, or otherwise determined to be safe by a nationally recognized test laboratory such as but not limited to Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., and Factory Mutual Engineering Corp (FMEC).

A change that involves replacing one component with another that is identical, meets all design specifications, or has been demonstrated and documented to be equivalent.

Provider of a course, which is not offered at a Sandia site, but has an SNL course number and course information in the catalog.

Air quality control regulations

Argon (gas phase)

A status identified in the Device and Radioactive Source Tracking System (DARTS) assigned only to non-accountable sealed radioactive sources for which the source custodian has decided to no longer track in DARTS.

An individual who, by schooling, experience, and assignment, is trained to operate, maintain, and repair firearms used by protective force personnel.

A manufactured item other than a fluid or particle: (i) which is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture; (ii) which has end use function(s) dependent in whole or in part upon its shape or design during end use; and (iii) which under normal conditions of use does not release more than very small quantities, e.g., minute or trace amounts of a hazardous chemical (as determined under paragraph (d) of 1910.1200), and does not pose a physical hazard or health risk to SNL personnel.

Those words, phrases, models, assumptions, pictures, graphs, or figures that are in the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) to represent an item of interest.

The approach to radiation protection to manage and control exposures (both individual and collective) to the work force and to the general public to as low as is reasonable, taking into account social, technical, economic, practical, and public policy considerations. As used in the Radiological Protection Procedures Manual, ALARA is not a dose limit but a process that has the objective of attaining doses as far below the applicable limits of this part as is reasonably achievable.

A broad mineralogical term that applies to a number of fibrous silicate material, several of which occur in nature. Asbestos usually consists of silicon with one or more metals, such as sodium, magnesium, calcium or iron. Uses for asbestos-containing material include, but are not limited to, electrical and heat insulation, paint filler, reinforcing agents in rubber and plastics (e.g., tile mastic), and cement reinforcement.

Building materials such as, but not limited to, insulation, asphalt and vinyl flooring material, surfacing material, and ceiling tiles containing more than 1% asbestos.

Any material containing more than 1% asbestos.

Per 20 NMAC 9.1, regulated asbestos containing material (RACM) which contains more than 1 percent asbestos as determined using the method specified in 40 CFR 763.1, Appendix A, Subpart F, and includes:

• Friable asbestos material, that, when dry, can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure;
• Category I nonfriable asbestos containing material (ACM) that has become friable including asbestos containing packings, gaskets, resilient floor covering, and asphalt roofing products containing more than 1 percent asbestos;
• Category I nonfriable ACM that will be or has been subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting, or abrading; or
• Category II nonfriable ACM that has a high probability of becoming or has become crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by the forces expected to act on the material in the course of demolition or renovation operations, which excludes Category I nonfriable ACM; but

Asbestos waste does not include nonfriable asbestos containing materials that, when dry, cannot be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to a powder by hand pressure.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Lack of oxygen, which can result in loss of consciousness or death.

Primary assembly areas are exterior refuges or safe areas that may include parking lots, open fields or streets, which are located away from the site of an emergency and provide sufficient space to accommodate evacuated personnel. The designated areas shall be at least 50 feet from the building and situated so as not to hamper emergency operations. A secondary assembly should be predetermined in the event that the routes to the primary assembly area are blocked or otherwise restricted.

An evaluation or appraisal of a process, program, or activity to estimate its acceptability.

The determination or estimation (qualitative or quantitative) of the magnitude, frequency, duration, and route of exposure to hazardous chemicals, biological agents, physical agents, to evaluate worker health risks. This definition includes workplace monitoring.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of an activity/operation or a determination of the extent of compliance with required procedures and practices.

Customer that occupies the space as listed in the internal lease agreement (ILA) or as defined in the Occupancy Space Analysis Database (OSAD).

American Society for Testing & Materials.

Location of a satellite accumulation point (SAP), wherever possible, within or immediately adjacent to the work area where the waste is generated such as in the same room or high bay. Specific constraints, such as worker health and safety, nuclear criticality safety, or other requirements may require SAPs to be located away from the point of generation.

Hazardous waste must be accumulated at the initial Satellite Accumulation Point (SAP) at or near the area where the waste is generated. The process generating the waste and the SAP must be in the same or adjacent room or area. Certain generating activities may necessitate interim accumulation of waste away from the SAP, provided those wastes are placed in the SAP prior to the end of the generator's work shift.

A respirator that supplies the respirator user with breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere, and includes supplied-air respirators and self-contained breathing apparatus units.

A trained individual stationed outside a confined space who monitors the authorized entrants inside the confined space by maintaining effective and continuous contact, and who is knowledgeable of established emergency procedures.

The reduction in intensity of noise.

Audiometric testing monitors the sharpness and acuity of an employee's hearing over time. An audiogram is a chart, graph, or table resulting from an audiometric test showing an individual's hearing threshold levels as a function of frequency.

Important elements of the audiometric testing program include:

• Baseline Audiograms (The audiogram against which future audiograms are compared)
• Annual Audiogram
• Standard Threshold Shift (STS) evaluation
• Evaluation of the Audiogram
• Follow-up Procedures
• Testing and Equipment.

The expressed or implied power to perform, act, or decide.

A person or group with sufficient expertise in electrical safety to be the electrical authority at a facility.

A documented agreement between DOE and the contractor for high-hazard facilities (Category 1 and 2) incorporating the results of DOE's review of the contractor's proposed authorization basis for a defined scope of work. The AA contains key terms and conditions (controls and commitments) under which the contractor is authorized to perform the work. Any changes to these terms and conditions would require DOE approval.

The minimum level of management approval required to grant authorization to proceed after a Readiness Review has been successfully completed.

The documents produced by the Authorization Basis Process that management relies upon to assure that Sandia facilities, activities, and operations adequately control hazards within the bounds of regulatory requirements and acceptable risk. For nuclear facilities, the DOE required Documented Safety Analysis is encompassed by the authorization basis.

Nuclear safety authorization basis is further defined as the safety documentation that supports the decision to allow a process or facility to operate. Included are corporate operations and environmental requirements as found in regulations and specific permits, and, for specific activities, work packages or job safety analyses. The safety basis is considered a subset of the authorization basis.

A limit on the concentrations of residual radioactive material on the surfaces of or within property that has been derived consistent with the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) process, given the anticipated use of the property (either restricted or unrestricted), and that has been authorized by DOE to permit the release of the property from DOE control.

A person to whom the authority and responsibility to perform a specific assignment has been given by the employer, and who can demonstrate by experience or training the ability to recognize potentially hazardous electrical energy and its potential impact on work place conditions. The authorized person has the knowledge to implement adequate methods and means for the control and isolation of such energy.

Authorized personnel could include those not qualified but having a need to be in a restricted area to perform a specific task such as supervisors, electrical engineers, electricians, mechanics, operators, custodians, and painters.

SNL personnel who are trained and are able to demonstrate basic knowledge and skill at a level that ensures the safety of people and equipment. This knowledge and skill may be acquired through a formal education process and/or on-the-job training (OJT).

Members of the Workforce who are trained and are able to demonstrate basic knowledge and skill at a level that ensures the safety of people and equipment. This knowledge and skill may be acquired through a formal education process and/or on-the-job training (OJT).

A Member of the Workforce who locks out or tags out machines or equipment in order to perform servicing or maintenance on that machine or equipment. An affected worker becomes an authorized worker when that worker’s duties include performing servicing or maintenance covered under this section.

American Wire Gauge.

Radiation from:

(i) Naturally occurring radioactive materials that have not been technologically enhanced;

(ii) Cosmic sources;

(iii) Global fallout as it exists in the environment (such as from the testing of nuclear explosive devices);

(iv) Radon and its progeny in concentrations or levels existing in buildings or the environment that have not been elevated as a result of current or prior activities; and

(v) Consumer products containing nominal amounts of radioactive material or producing nominal amounts of radiation.

A USQD performed on an existing, as-found condition, as a potentially inadequate safety analysis (PISA) finding. The USQD is performed using the rationale that asks the question, “Had we proposed such a change under our previous conditions, would it have involved a USQ?”

A machine equipped with an endless steel band having a continuous series of notches or teeth, running over wheels or pulleys, and used for sawing materials.

A physical obstruction which is intended to prevent contact with energized lines or equipment and/or to prevent unauthorized access to a work area.

Any device or method that effectively prevents contact with a recognized hazard. Examples include railings, rope, fences, barricades, shields, enclosures, rubber mats, plastic and metallic guards, or elevation above eight feet (i.e., guarded by height).

The operable equipment and specific facility conditions that are necessary to meet the assumptions in the facility safety analysis as described in the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) and DOE-issued Safety Evaluation Reports (SER).

A document demonstrating that SNL personnel can conduct facility operations at an acceptable level of safety before development of more detailed safety documentation as required by DOE 5480.22 and DOE 5480.23 and before DOE approves that documentation.

Body-centered cubic crystal structure. Many bcc-structured metals that are ductile at room temperature become brittle at cryogenic temperatures.

A non-specular material that is opaque to laser radiation of a particular wavelength. An adequate backstop encompasses the entire laser beam and appropriate buffer area.

A device that intentionally prevents a laser beam from propagating further. With high power beams, a beam stop may need to be cooled in order to prevent propagating further if suffering thermal damage.

Elemental beryllium and any insoluble beryllium compound or alloy containing 0.1 percent beryllium or greater that may be released as an airborne particulate.

An activity taken for, or by, DOE at a DOE facility that can expose workers to airborne beryllium, including but not limited to design, construction, operation, maintenance, or decommissioning, and which may involve one DOE facility or operation or a combination of facilities and operations.

A manufactured item that is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture, that has end-use functions that depend in whole or in part on its shape or design during end use, and that does not release beryllium or otherwise result in exposure to measurable airborne concentrations of beryllium under normal conditions.

A current worker who is or was exposed or potentially exposed to airborne concentrations of beryllium at a DOE facility, including:

1. A beryllium worker.
2. A current worker whose work history shows that the worker may have been exposed to airborne concentrations of beryllium at a DOE facility.
3. A current worker who exhibits signs or symptoms of beryllium exposure.
4. A current worker who is receiving medical removal protection benefits.

Is material to be disposed of meeting one of the following criteria based on process knowledge, calculation and analysis, and/or sampling; and where beryllium is not from a natural source:

• Equipment and other items with removable contamination (internal and/or external) exceeding 0.2 μg Be/100 cm 2. Decontamination and fixed removable contamination through encapsulation or other methods may be used to meet this limit, that is, not exceeding 0.2 μg Be/100 cm 2.
• Building materials and demolition debris containing beryllium exceeding 0.1 percent (W:W) (1000 parts per million).
• Job associated materials, such as but not limited to, gloves, booties, disposable coveralls coming from a regulated area; or from an operational area unless it can be demonstrated the material would not have become contaminated, such as through the use of isolation techniques or during a non-intrusive walkthrough of an building/area.

Are equipment or other items:

• To be released from a beryllium regulated area; or
• Any equipment or other items for which it has been established through sampling that the removable contamination exceeds 0.2 µg Be/100 cm 2; or
• It has been established the equipment or other items possess a potential risk of exposure to the recipient based on a beryllium risk assessment performed by an industrial hygienist; or
• Equipment or other items considered contaminated based on process knowledge that are to be released to another facility for work involving beryllium.

Note: Beryllium-contaminated and beryllium-containing waste does not include water or soil containing beryllium, regardless of the source.

Is any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, container rupture, or failure of control equipment or operations that result in an unexpected and significant release of beryllium.

Is performed by a division ES&H team Industrial Hygienist to assess the foreseeable potential risk of exposure to beryllium associated with equipment and other materials; real property and buildings; and waste. Based upon the risk assessment, the decision is made to the final disposition of these materials and any conditions that should be placed for future use or handling, such as labeling, a recipient's commitment, containment, encapsulation, decontamination, disposal, release, etc.

A current worker who is regularly employed in a DOE beryllium activity.

The preferred methods and practices for managing operations.

The determination of kinds, quantities, or concentrations, and, in some cases, locations of radioactive material in the human body, whether by direct measurement or by analysis and evaluation of radioactive materials excreted or removed from the human body.

See "Medical waste."

Any of the following wastes: human or animal specimen cultures from medical and pathology laboratories; cultures and stocks of infectious agents from research and industrial laboratories; wastes from the production of bacteria, viruses, spores, discarded live and attenuated vaccines used in human health care or research, discarded animal vaccines, including Brucellosis and Contagious Ecthyma, and culture dishes and devices used to transfer, inoculate, and mix cultures; human surgery specimens or tissues removed at surgery or autopsy suspected of being contaminated with infectious agents; animal parts, tissues, fluids, or carcasses suspected of being contaminated with infectious agents; waste containing recognizable fluid blood products, containers or equipment containing fluid blood, or blood from animals infected with highly communicable human diseases; waste contaminated with humans or animal excretion, exudate, or secretions that require isolation to protect others from highly communicable diseases.

A microorganism which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and associated toxins produced by these microorganisms; and includes genetic manipulations using these microorganisms. These agents may infect humans, animals, and plants; and may be present in a variety of materials such as cell lines, body fluids and tissues.

Those infectious agents presenting risk of death, injury, or illness to employees.

A biological material (e.g. microorganism, virus, biological toxin, toxin subunits, cell lines, or tissues) that is a trackable material in CIS but does not include the following:

• Growth media
• Amino acids
• Proteins (excluding toxins and toxin subunits)
• DNA or oligonucleotides
• Plasmids

A biological prepared and manufactured in accordance with the provisions of 9 CFR Parts 102-104 and 21 CFR Parts 312 and 600-680 and which, in accordance with such provisions, may be shipped interstate traffic.

Containment equipment that prevents the release and transmission of biological agents. Also, use BSC to control the release of nanomaterials.

A toxic material of biological (plant, animal, microorganism, etc.) origin that has been isolated from the parent organism or a chemically synthesized version of such a toxic material.

This level is applicable to activities involving agents that are not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adults.

This level is applicable to activities involving agents that are associated with human disease, which may enter the human body by percutaneous injury, ingestion, or mucous membrane exposure.

This level is applicable to clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities in which work is done with indigenous or exotic biological agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease as a result of exposure by the inhalation route.

This level is required for work with dangerous and exotic biological agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease.

The plant and animal life of a region.

Human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood.

Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in blood and that can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

A body support component (sometimes called a waist belt or safety belt) comprised of a strap that is secured around the person's waist and attached to other components or subsystems.

The electrical interconnection of conductive parts intended to maintain a common electrical potential.

The permanent joining of metallic parts to form an electrically conductive path which will assure electrical continuity and the capacity to conduct safely any current likely to be imposed.

Engineered nanoscale particles immobilized within a solid matrix (e.g., polycarbonate, etc.) and incapable, as a practical matter, of being released.

A group of joining processes that produces coalescence of materials by heating them to the brazing temperature in the presence of a filler metal having a liquidus above 450°C (840°F) and below the solidus of the base metal. The filler metal is distributed between the closely fitted faying surfaces of the joint by capillary action. (Does not include "silver soldering or open flame soldering".)

The volume surrounding a worker’s nose and mouth from which they draw breathing air over the course of a work period. Inscribe this zone with a sphere radius of about 10 inches centered at the worker’s nose.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes caused by a bacterial infection transferred from rodents and their fleas to various animals and to people.

Working with another person nearby who can provide immediate assistance if necessary. See Second Person for electrical safety clarification.

Team comprised of designated SNL personnel who ensure the evacuation of all building occupants due to an emergency or an evacuation drill. Building evacuation teams are comprised of a team captain, squad members, and a fire sprinkler valve monitor.

Individual at SNL/NM assigned to interface with a tenant(s) to address building and real property issues and to facilitate interaction between a tenant(s) and landlord. The building manager also:

• Negotiates internal lease agreements between a landlord and tenant(s).
• Maintains routine contact with tenant(s) to obtain information about current operations and future plans.
• Works with space management personnel to broker space transactions between organizations in specific subsites. Serves as liaison between tenant(s) and space management personnel for corporate-directed space transactions.
• Manages corporate space (i.e., conference rooms, lobbies, and other common space such as outside space between buildings).
• Monitors building maintenance activities, modification projects, and other activities that provide services according to internal lease agreements (ILAs).

A brief summary of specific building systems, structure composition, identified hazards, and contact personnel, which is used by emergency response organizations during emergency and nonemergency events.

Any container used to store oil. The purpose of this container includes but is not limited to storing oil before it is used, while it is being used, or before it is distributed further in commerce. Oil-filled electrical, operating, or manufacturing equipment is not a bulk storage container.

A stationary container or tank wagon that is filled on site and used for storing oil, fuel, or chemicals; or transformers or other electrical equipment with a minimum capacity of 660 gallons. This term does not include:

• Containers that are either prepackaged or filled off site and barcoded through the Chemical Information System (CIS)
• Dewar containers
• Process tanks, such as etching tanks, platting baths, and cleaning baths

A pressure test of a component or system to determine the actual failure mode and pressure.

A conductor or group of conductors that serve as a common connection for two or more circuits.

An operation may be considered an office use if the hazards are limited to those:

• Common to any work environment (e.g., tripping, slipping, falling).
• Associated with consumer products and tools that do not require personal protection equipment (PPE) (e.g., toner cartridges, paper cutter).
• Associated with building systems and utilities managed by Facilities organizations (e.g., building electrical panels).
• Associated with conditions outside of the manager's control (e.g., natural phenomena, adjacent operations).

Any radioactive material (except special nuclear material) yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material; and the tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily for its source material content. [Source: Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, section 11(e).]

The use of alternate procedures is allowed for safe entry into a Permit-Required Confined Space (PRCS) where the only potential or actual hazard is atmospheric, which can be controlled through continuous forced positive ventilation alone.

When a Permit-Required Confined Space (PRCS) poses no actual or potential atmospheric hazards and if all hazards within the space are eliminated without entry into the space, the permit space may be reclassified as a non-permit confined space for as long as the non-atmospheric hazards remain eliminated.

A unit or assembly of units or sections and associated fittings, forming a rigid structural system used to support cables. This includes ladder, troughs, channels, solid bottom trays, and other similar structures. Cable trays are not raceways.

The periods from midnight to midnight. Includes weekend days and holidays, as opposed to working or business days. Example: If a three-calendar-day limit is specified for storage of waste and the volume limit is exceeded at noon on a Friday, the excess waste shall be removed by noon the following Monday to remain in compliance.

To adjust and/or determine either:

(i) The response or reading of an instrument relative to a standard (e.g., primary, secondary, or tertiary) or to a series of conventionally true values; or

(ii) The strength of a radiation source relative to a standard (e.g., primary, secondary, or tertiary) or conventionally true value.

Continuous air monitor.

Operating mode assigned to a facility to temporarily shut it down for short time period while retaining its state of readiness (e.g., normal maintenance functions). This mode allows a facility to resume operations at a moments notice.

Denotes a possibility.

An energy-source-isolating device is capable of being locked out if it has a hasp or other means of attachment to through which a lock can be affixed, or it has a locking mechanism built into it. Other devices are capable of being locked out if lockout can be achieved without the need to dismantle, rebuild, or replace the energy-source-isolating device or permanently alter its energy control capability.

The flow rate that a device will pass at some pressure. For safety and relief valves made in accordance with Section VIII, Division 1, of the ASME Code, the maximum capacity is the flow rate through the valve at a pressure of no more than 110% of the set pressure. [ASME Code]

A chemical is considered to be a carcinogen if:

• It has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen; or
• It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); or
• It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen.

Any person engaged in the transportation of passengers of property as a common, contract, or private carrier, or freight forwarder; or officers, agents, and employees of such carriers.

A container with a filter, sorbent, or catalyst, or combination of these items, which removes specific contaminants from the air passed through the container.

A Member of the Workforce other than an operator who intermittently visits an explosives operation for the purpose of supervision, inspection, maintenance, etc.

Types of activities that do not impact safety analyses, such as technical content of preventive maintenance procedures.

Several types of activities may be considered for categorical exclusion:

• Activities that do not impact safety analyses, such as technical content of preventive maintenance procedures, wherein the facility is returned to the previously approved state regardless of the preventive maintenance procedure. A USQ should be prepared to explain why exclusion is acceptable and submitted to DOE for approval
• Activities or operations known to be repeatable may be addressed in a USQ in a manner to cover the exclusion in future situations
• A matter covered by a previous USQ determination Design basis - The set of requirements that bound the design for various structures, systems, and components (SSCs) with the facility. These design requirements include consideration for safety, plant availability, efficiency, reliability, and maintainability. Some aspects of the design basis are important to safety, while others are not.

Any regulated effluent containing pollutant discharge limits promulgated by EPA in accordance with Sections 307(b) and (c) of the Act (33 USC 1317, Toxic and Pretreatment Effluent Standards), which apply to a specific category of users and which appear in 40 CFR, Protection of Environment, Chapter I, "Environmental Protection Agency," Subchapter N, "Effluent Guidelines and Standards," Parts 405-471.

As used with respect to the certification, ratings, privileges, and limitations of airmen, means a broad classification of aircraft. Examples include airplane, rotorcraft, glider, and lighter-than-air.

An amount of radioactive material which, if not safely managed or securely protected, would be likely to cause permanent injury to a person who handled or were otherwise in contact with it for more than a few minutes. It would probably be fatal to be close to this amount of unshielded material for a period of a few minutes to an hour.

A nuclear facility for which the hazard analysis shows the potential for significant offsite consequences.

An amount of radioactive material which, if not safely managed or securely protected, could cause permanent injury to a person who handled it, or were otherwise in contact with it for a short time (minutes or hours). It could possibly be fatal to be close to this amount of unshielded radioactive material for a period of hours to days.

A nuclear facility for which the hazard analysis shows the potential for significant onsite consequences.

A nuclear facility for which the hazard analysis shows the potential for only significant localized consequences.

A process used to identify casual factors, and subsequently the root cause of a finding, so as to prevent recurrence of the finding. A causal analysis is less formal and less in depth than a “Root Cause Analysis.” Performing an effective CA is critical to ensuring that corrective actions will prevent or greatly reduce the probability of recurrence of the issue. Without causal analysis, solutions to the deficiency may be inadequate, and the deficiency may recur.

The CAT is the required tool used in determining the apparent cause for each of the causal factors (per DOE M 231.1-2, Occurrence Reporting and Processing of Operations Information, Chapter 11, "Occurrence Reporting Model and Causal Analysis Tree"). The CAT has three levels "A," "B," and "C." The "A" level is the most general and the "C" level is the most specific. The "C" level is, by definition, the apparent cause and gives you the causal analysis codes.

Numeric codes derived by from causal factors and the causal analysis tree (see DOE M 231.1-2) Occurrence Reporting and Processing of Operations Information, Chapter 11, "Occurrence Reporting Model and Causal Analysis Tree"). A completed causal code has the format "ABC." The "A" code is derived from the "A" level of the CAT, the "B" code from the "B" level, and the "C" code from the "C" level. According to the DOE definitions, the "C" level code is the apparent cause. An example full causal code might be "A2B2C01."

The causes of an incident or occurrence as determined by root cause analysis. A causal factor is an event or condition that either caused the problem under investigation, made it worse, or that may have influenced the course of the incident or that may have been a major contributor to the problem. Causal factors were formerly called the root cause, direct cause, and contributing causes.

A condition or occurrence that results in an effect.

Term used to indicate a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury. It may also be used to alert against unsafe or costly practices.

Case-by-case

Corporate Chemical Hygiene Plan. See ES&H Procedure ESH100.2.IH.4, Evaluate and Control Chemical Hazards.

Committed effective dose equivalent.

Centrally controlled lockout/tagout requires a primary authorized individual to control application and removal of locks and tags. In facilities with centrally controlled lockout/tagout, the operations supervisor, facility manager, or a designee authorizes and is responsible for lock and tag application and removal, and personnel accountability.

Chlorofluorocarbon

Code of Federal Regulations

Change, as used in the context of nuclear facility safety bases, includes but is not limited to:

• Changes to any structures, systems, components, or equipment within the facility.
• Changes to any operations conducted within the facility.
• Changes to procedures.
• Changes to safety documentation for the facility.
• New tests, experiments, equipment, and operations that are not described in existing safety analyses.

Change may be temporary or permanent, and it is caused by many factors, including the following:

• New criteria
• Self-assessments and inspections
• Occurrences (reportable and nonreportable)
• Nonconformances
• Discoveries of inadequacies

The formal management process used in the work planning and control process for affecting necessary changes to activity-level technical work documents (TWDs) and other work control documents. Elements include disciplined and coordinated processes for the following:

• Identifying and proposing necessary changes
• Reviewing proposed changes
• Approving proposed changes
• Controlling changed documents
• Coordinating changes with and among interfacing organizations
• Implementing approved changes
• Linking document changes from the affected TWD to other TWDs affected by the change

A panel established to review and approve requests for changes to corrective action plans.

The tasking of an aircraft operator for aircraft support through a contracting process (including the use of a company credit card).

An itemized list of all identified startup, operational, or shutdown criteria (e.g., hardware, personnel, and administrative controls) to be satisfied to achieve a specified state of readiness. Each criterion must be documented on a certification statement with regard to resolution and acceptance based on acceptance criteria or performance objectives prior to the readiness determination.

A set of notes and instructions about specific areas to review, questions to ask, and methods of data gathering use during an assessment. Checklists are used to ensure continuity and comprehensive coverage of the area of interest and provide evidence of the questions that were reviewed.

Amine polycarboxylic acids (e.g., EDTA, DPTA), hydroxy-carboxylic acids, and polycarboxylic acids (e.g., citric acid, carbolic acid, gluconic acid), that might be used to bind radionuclides as part of a decontamination process, and which are very mobile in the environment.

Any element, chemical compound, or mixture of elements and/or compounds.

Any element or mixture of elements and/or compounds known to be present in the workplace (e.g. acetone, spray paint, bar stock, welding rod, epoxies, or helium).

For the complete list of items required to be tracked, see ES&H Procedure ESH100.2.IH.20, Maintain an Accurate Chemical and Biological Material Inventory. Materials NOT tracked in CIS include:

• Explosives
• Waste
• Radiological material
• Construction subcontractor chemicals
• Items listed in ES&H Procedure ESH100.2.IH.20, Maintain an Accurate Chemical and Biological Material Inventory (“Chemical and Biological Materials That Require Tracking in CIS,” Table 2 ("Items that Do Not Require Barcodes")

A container with a filter, sorbent, or catalyst, or combination of these items, that removes specific contaminants from the air passed through the container.

The psychological or physical dependence upon alcohol or other illegal or controlled substances.

Program that makes chemicals, which are unopened and have not passed their expiration dates, available free to employees for immediate work purposes.

SNL system composed of an extensive material safety data sheet (MSDS) library and an integrated chemical inventory system, which tracks chemical containers by SNL CIS barcodes.

A process whereby chemical containers in a specific physical location, such as a laboratory, are inventoried and compared to existing Chemical Inventory System (CIS) records. This process includes the following:

• Chemical containers with barcodes are scanned.
• Chemical containers without barcodes are coded and scanned.
• Existing CIS records are deleted for any containers that are not found.

Any organic or inorganic substance of a particular molecular identity, including:

• "Pure" chemicals.
• Chemicals contained in mixtures.
• Chemicals contained in trade name products.
• Intermediates.
• Hazardous and nonhazardous waste.
• Microorganisms and associated DNA molecules.

Note: The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) excludes the following from the definition of a chemical substance:

• Any pesticide (as defined in 7 USC 136, et seq., Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) that is manufactured, processed, or distributed in commerce for use as a pesticide.
• Any food, food additive, drug, cosmetic, or device (as defined in 21 USC 801 et seq., Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended.) that is manufactured, processed, or distributed in commerce for use as a food, food additive, drug, cosmetic, or device.
• Any source material, special nuclear material, or byproduct material (as defined in 42 USC 2011 et seq., Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended).
• Tobacco or any tobacco products.
• Firearms and shells (defined as an article subject to the tax imposed by Section 4181 of 26 USC, Internal Revenue Code of 1954).

The chemical property of material to coexist without adverse reaction for an acceptable time period (e.g., a container's lining must not react with or be affected by the container's contents).

Chilblains appear as red, swollen skin that is tender, hot to the touch, and may itch. This can worsen to an aching, prickly ("pins and needles") sensation and then numbness. Chilblains are comparable to non-blistering sunburns.

A conductor or system of conductors through which an electric current is intended to flow.

A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without injury to itself when properly applied within its rating (see also Facility Circuit Breaker).

A machine equipped with a thin steel disc having a continuous series of notches or teeth on the periphery, mounted on shafting, and used for sawing materials.

Any flammable liquid having a flash point of less than 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

Any laser or laser system containing a laser, which cannot emit accessible laser radiation during operation in excess of the applicable Class 1 accessible emission limits (AEL) for any emission duration within the maximum duration inherent in the design or intended use of the laser or laser system. Class 1 lasers do not pose risk of injury to eyes (including the use of optical instruments) or to the skin. Class 1 laser systems are:

• Considered to be incapable of producing damaging radiation levels during operation.
• Exempt from any control measures or other forms of surveillance.

Lasers that are incapable of producing hazardous exposure conditions during normal operation unless the beam is viewed with an optical instrument, such as an eye-loupe (diverging beam) or a telescope (collimated beam). Class 1M lasers are exempt from any control measures other than to prevent optically aided viewing.

Lasers or laser system that emit only visible beams (400 to 700 nm) and can cause retinal injury as a result of prolonged exposure to the direct beam or its specular reflection. However, the human blink and/or aversion response offers protection from accidental exposure injury, so controls are normally not required unless intended viewing occurs. Class 2 laser output cannot exceed 1 x 10-3 watts (1 milliwatt) total power.

Lasers that emit only visible beams (400-700 nm). Eye protection is normally afforded by the human blink and/or aversion response for unaided viewing; however, Class 2M is potentially hazardous if viewed with optical aids. Class 2M lasers are exempt from any control measures other than to prevent optically aided viewing.

Laser or laser system that almost always produces visible beams that create eye hazards during chronic viewing or viewing through focusing optics. An individual's blink reflex provides protection against short-term exposures.

Lasers or laser systems that can cause eye injury from brief viewing of the direct beam or its specular reflection, but are not normally a diffuse reflection or fire hazard. Activities involving openly accessible or exposed Class 3B lasers shall meet the requirements for regulated laser activities outlined in ESH100.2.IH.7, Evaluate and Control Laser Hazards.

Lasers that are potentially hazardous under some direct and specular reflection viewing conditions; however, the probability of actual injury is minimal and there is no fire hazard. Class 3R (formerly known as 3a) laser pointers are prohibited for use at SNL for presentation purposes. Other than this restriction on laser pointers, no other SNL requirements/control measures apply to Class 3R lasers.

Lasers or laser systems that can cause eye injury from the briefest of exposures to the direct beam or its specular reflection. Class 4 lasers can also produce hazardous diffuse reflections. Class 4 lasers can ignite combustible materials and cause painful skin burns. Class 4 lasers can also vaporize targets or beam stops, creating an inhalation hazard. Local exhaust ventilation should be used to remove hazardous vapors. Activities involving openly accessible or exposed Class 4 lasers shall meet the requirements for regulated laser activities outlined in ESH100.2.IH.7, Evaluate and Control Laser Hazards.

• Group I:
  • chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CFC-12)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-113 (CFC-113)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-114 (CFC-114)
• Group II:
  • halon-1211
  • halon-1301
  • halon-2402
• Group III:
  • chlorofluorocarbon-13 (CFC-13)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-111 (CFC-111)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-112 (CFC-112)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-211 (CFC-211)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-212 (CFC-212)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-213(CFC-213)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-214 (CFC-214)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-215 (CFC-215)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-216 (CFC-216)
  • chlorofluorocarbon-217 (CFC-217)
• Group IV:
  • carbon tetrachloride
• Group V:
  • methyl chloroform

• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-21 (HCFC-21)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 (HCFC-22)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-31 (HCFC-31)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-121 (HCFC-121)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-122 (HCFC-122)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-123 (HCFC-123)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-124 (HCFC-124)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-131 (HCFC-131)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-132 (HCFC-132)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-133 (HCFC-133)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-141 (HCFC-141)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-142 (HCFC-142)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-221 (HCFC-221)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-222 (HCFC-222)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-223 (HCFC-223)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-224 (HCFC-224)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-225 (HCFC-225)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-226 (HCFC-226)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-231 (HCFC-231)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-232 (HCFC-232)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-233 (HCFC-233)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-234 (HCFC-234)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-235 (HCFC-235)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-241 (HCFC-241)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-242 (HCFC-242)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-243 (HCFC-243)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-244 (HCFC-244)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-251 (HCFC-251)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-252 (HCFC-252)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-253 (HCFC-253)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-261 (HCFC-261)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-262 (HCFC-262)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbon-271 (HCFC-271)

The classroom instructor/trainer is typically an individual who works occasionally or full-time as an instructor. This title covers a broad range of instructors varying from an organization SME -- working part-time as a classroom instructor using instructional materials and strategies developed by others -- to an individual who performs most of the duties of an instructional technologist. The classroom instructor should have a working knowledge of the concepts of a systematic approach to training. A training course for the classroom instructor should emphasize the "how to" and the "why." It is not necessary to have completed OJT instructor training to qualify as a classroom instructor.

Federal statute that dictates regulation of pollutants from sources to any waters of the U.S.

Operation where hazardous substances are removed, contained, incinerated, neutralized, stabilized, cleared-up, or in any other manner processed or handled with the ultimate goal of making the site safer for people or the environment. This does not include daily or routine cleaning or decontamination of a chemistry laboratory or cleanup of incidental releases of hazardous substances (see definition of "emergency response" for more information).

Dimensional separation from energized or potentially energized conductors and/or exposed electrical equipment.

Authorization to perform specified work (such as switching at SNL/CA) or permission to enter a restricted area (not security related).

An incident in which minor or no personal injury was sustained but, given a slight shift in time or position, an OSHA Recordable or Serious Injury could have occurred.

A primary or outer container of hazardous waste that will not allow any waste to escape into the environment, even if the container is overturned. Examples include step cans located at inside locations where, if overturned, waste will not escape into the outside environment and drums with covered funnels screwed into the bung opening.

An application where the fluid is operated in a completely contained system without intentional vents of the system fluid. An example would be a typical UHV cryogenic pump employing a helium compressor where normal operation vents no helium from the system and SNL personnel are not exposed to cryogenic hazards.

The transfer of cryogenic liquids within piping systems and into covered dewars or enclosed temperature chambers with controlled venting of the boil-off gases. In closed handling of cryogens, personnel are not exposed to liquid splashes or sprays. The venting from these systems may be to the outdoors, into building exhaust systems, or into the building air space for limited flow or limited volume applications.

A report that documents closure of any open findings from the final report.

Injuries to body extremities, caused by overexposure to cold and/or damp conditions, such as trench foot, chilblains, frostnip, frostbite, etc.

The net heat loss to which a worker may be exposed from the combined contributions of metabolic cost of work, environmental factors, and clothing requirements.

A stimulus that has the potential to decrease the core body temperature of an individual.

Lenses or optical instruments having magnification and thereby producing an increase in energy or power density. Such devices may include telescopes, binoculars, microscopes, or loupes. Normal or prescription eyewear are not considered collecting optics.

A temporary staging area for the centralization of small volumes of low hazard "like" waste to facilitate pickup by waste management personnel.

The sum of the total effective dose for all individuals in a specified population. Collective dose is expressed in units of person-rems (or person-Sv).

Any liquid having a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C), but below 200 °F (93.3 °C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 200 °F (93.3 °C), or higher, the total volume of which make up 99% or more of the total volume of the mixture.

Trade, traffic, transportation, or other transaction:

• Between a place in a state and any place outside of that state.
• Which affects trade, traffic, transportation, or commerce between a place in a state and any place outside of that state.

Commercial chemical product is a chemical substance which is manufactured or formulated for commercial or manufacturing use. It consists of the commercially pure grade of the chemical, any technical grades of the chemical that are produced or marketed, and all formulations in which the chemical is the sole active ingredient.

A license issued to an individual by a state or other jurisdiction in accordance with the standards contained in 49 CFR, 383, Commercial Driver's License Standards; Requirements and Penalties, which authorizes the individual to operate a class of commercial motor vehicle.

1. Any self-propelled or towed motor vehicle used on highways in interstate commerce to transport passengers or property when the vehicle (a) has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), gross combination weight rating (GCWR), gross vehicle weight (GVW), or gross combination weight (GCW) of 4,536 kg (10,001 pounds) or more, whichever is greater; or (b) is designed or used to transport more than 8 passengers, including the driver, for compensation; or (c) is designed or used to transport more than 15 passengers, including the driver, and is not used to transport passengers for compensation; or (d) is used in transporting material found by the Secretary of Transportation to be hazardous under 49 USC 5103 and transported in a quantity requiring placarding under regulations prescribed by the DOT Secretary under 49 CFR, Subtitle B, Chapter I, Subchapter C (49 CFR 390.5).
2. A motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles used in commerce to transport passengers or property if the motor vehicle (a) has a GCWR of 11,794 kg (26,001 pounds) or more inclusive of a towed unit with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds); or (b) has a GVWR of 11,794 kg (26,001 pounds) or more; or (c) is designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver; or (d) is of any size and is used in the transportation of material found to be hazardous for the purposes of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (49 USC, Appendix 1801-1813) and which requires the motor vehicle to be placarded under the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 382.107 and 383.5).

Note: The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSR) begin with a GVWR of 10,001 pounds or more (see 1a above). However, this threshold is changed to 26,001 pounds or more for both controlled substances/alcohol standards and commercial driver's license (CDL) standards. It may be useful to classify the differences into two groups: vehicle-related and alcohol-related.

Examples of CMVs include:

• 1-ton stake vehicle
• Large panel truck
• Trash compactor and dumpster
• Dump truck
• Semi-truck
• Semi-trailer (B-numbered trailer, mobile office, or lab trailer)
• 16-passenger van (SNL/NM)
• 10-passenger van (SNL/CA)
• Any vehicle carrying hazardous material that requires a placard

Any vehicle or combination of vehicles that requires a class A or class B license, or a class C license with an endorsement issued pursuant to paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 15278.

Any self-propelled or towed motor vehicle, or combination of motor vehicles, used on a highway in interstate commerce to transport passengers or property when the motor vehicle:

• Has a gross vehicle weight rating or gross combination weight rating, or gross vehicle weight or gross combination weight of 4,536 kg (10,001 pounds) or more, whichever is greater, or
• Is designed or used to transport more than 8 passengers (including the driver) for compensation; or
• Is designed or used to transport 15 passengers (including the driver) and is not used to transport passengers for compensation; or
• Is used to transport material that is found by the Secretary of Transportation to be hazardous under 49 CFR, Transportation, and that is transported in a quantity requiring placarding under regulations prescribed by the Secretary under 49 CFR, 390.3, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations; General—General Applicability.

A motor vehicle, or combination of motor vehicles, used in commerce to transport passengers or property if the motor vehicle :

• Has a gross combination weight rating of 11,794 kilograms or more (26,001 pounds or more), inclusive of a towed unit(s), with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds); or
• Has a gross vehicle weight rating of 11,794 or more kilograms (26,001 pounds or more); or
• Is designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver; or
• Is of any size and is used in the transportation of hazardous materials requiring placarding.

TSCA defines this term as the import, production, or manufacture of a chemical substance or article to obtain an immediate or eventual commercial advantage for the manufacturer or importer.

All types of solid waste generated by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, and other non-manufacturing activities, excluding household and industrial solid wastes. At SNL, such waste includes office trash, packaging material, empty containers, non-recyclable paper and plastic, broken glass, and food debris, but no contained or free liquids.

The dose equivalent calculated to be received by a tissue or organ over a 50-year period after the intake of a radionuclide into the body. It does not include contributions from radiation sources external to the body. Committed dose equivalent is expressed in units of rem (or sievert).

The sum of the committed equivalent doses to various tissues or organs in the body (H_T,50), each multiplied by the appropriate weighting factor (w_T)--that is, E₅₀= Σw_TH_T,50+ w_RemainderH_{Remainder, 50}; where w_Remainderis the tissue weighting factor assigned to the remainder organs and tissues and H_{Remainder, 50}is the committed equivalent dose to the remainder organs and tissues. Committed effective dose is expressed in units of rems (or Sv).

The sum of the committed dose equivalents to various tissues in the body (H_T,50), each multiplied by the appropriate weighting factor (w_T), i.e., H_E,50= Sw_TH_T,50. Committed effective dose equivalent is expressed in units of rem (or sievert).

The equivalent dose calculated to be received by a tissue or organ over a 50-year period after the intake of a radionuclide into the body. It does not include contributions from radiation sources external to the body. Committed equivalent dose is expressed in units of rems (or Sv).

The chemical property of material to coexist without adverse reaction for an acceptable time period.

May be placed in a particular process, container or facility without causing corrosion or decay of containment materials (e.g., container inner liners or tank walls), will not produce heat or pressure, fire or explosion, violent reaction, toxic dusts, mists, fumes, or gases or flammable fumes or gases when commingled with other wastes with similar hazard characteristics.

The ability of a person to perform job responsibilities.

Members of the Workforce who, by way of training and/or experience, are knowledgeable of applicable standards, are capable of identifying workplace hazards relating to the specific operation, and have authority to take appropriate actions.

Includes any of the following:

1. A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70 °F (21.1 °C)
2. A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130 °F (54.4 °C) regardless of the pressure at 70 °F (21.1 °C)
3. A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100 °F (37.8 °C) as determined by ASTM D-323-72. See definition of "physical hazard."

Any as-found state, whether or not resulting from an event, that may have adverse safety, health, quality assurance, security, operational, or environmental implications.

A material usually in the form of a wire, cable, or bus bar suitable for carrying electric current.

A space that has limited or restricted openings for entry and exit; is not designed for continuous human occupancy; and is large enough and configured so that a person can bodily enter the space and perform assigned work.

Examples of confined spaces include, but are not limited to boilers, furnaces, degreasers, storage tanks, test chambers, vessels, diked areas, tunnels, pits, vats, sewers, underground utility vaults, manholes, hoppers, silos, stacks, pipelines, septic tanks, trenches, bunkers, equipment housings, etc.

(See also "permit required confined space" and "non-permit confined space.")

The result produced when a hazard is transmitted to a receptor (e.g., people, property, environment), is absorbed by the receptor, and produces an undesired effect in the receptor.

Any combination of erection, installation, assembly, demolition, or fabrication activities to create a new facility or to alter, add to, rehabilitate, dismantle, or remove an existing facility. It also includes the alteration or repair (including dredging, excavating, and painting) of buildings, structures, or other real property, as well as any construction, demolition, and excavation activities conducted as part of environmental restoration (ER) or remediation efforts.

Small-scale construction activities of short duration, such as those related to test and experiment setups, environmental sampling, and environmental restoration (ER). The following are a few examples:

• Scaffold erection
• Pouring of concrete pads or foundations
• Use of mobile cranes in equipment erection
• Excavations more than four feet deep

Waste from construction and demolition projects, generally considered to be non-water soluble and non-hazardous in nature, including, but not limited to, steel, glass, brick, concrete, asphalt roofing materials, pipe, gypsum wallboard and lumber from the construction or destruction of a structure project, and includes rocks, soil, tree remains, trees and other vegetative matter that normally results from land clearing. Construction and demolition debris does not include asbestos or liquids, including but not limited to, waste paints, solvents, sealers, adhesives or potentially hazardous materials.

A product containing radioactive material that (1) is commercially available and (2) can be purchased by a member of the general public without a license, permit, or registration. Any product exempt from licensing by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) or an agreement state is a consumer product. Products generally licensed or specifically licensed by the NRC or an Agreement State are not consumer products. Note: This definition applies only to the Radiological Protection Procedures Manual.

Any consumer product or hazardous substance, as those terms are defined in the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2051 et seq.) and Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.) respectively, where the employer can show that it is used in the workplace for the purpose intended by the chemical manufacturer or importer of the product, and the use results in a duration and frequency of exposure which is not greater than the range of exposures that could reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the purpose intended.

A chemically and physically compatible receptacle to accumulate, identify, and safely handle waste.

Is real property, buildings and areas the appropriate Division ES&H Team industrial hygienist has determined to be contaminated with removable beryllium exceeding 0.2 micrograms beryllium per 100 square centimeters (µg Be/100 cm²) or buildings and areas the appropriate Division ES&H Team industrial hygienist has determined to be contaminated based on documentation of contamination from a known past beryllium activity, and there are no current beryllium activities being performed.

The presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM) on an item or surface.

Laundry that has been soiled with blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM) or that may contain contaminated sharps.

The unwanted presence of radioactive material, as debris, dust or liquids, on surfaces.

Means any area, accessible to individuals, where removable surface contamination levels exceed or are likely to exceed the removable surface contamination values specified in Appendix D of the Radiological Protection Procedures Manual, but do not exceed 100 times those values.

An unlikely change in a process condition important to the criticality safety of a FMO. A contingency is an undesired, upset condition.

An instrument that continuously samples and measures the levels of airborne radioactive materials on a "real-time" basis and has alarm capabilities at preset levels.

A test or operation that is unattended for a period of four hours or more and poses a fire, explosion, water leakage, or smoke or electrical hazard.

The following systems and equipment are not considered continuous or unattended hazardous operations:

• Building systems (such as heating, air conditioning, and telephone systems)
• Systems that are commercially designed for continuous operation and are approved by Factory Mutual or listed by Underwriters Laboratories for their intended use (such as refrigerators, VCRs, PCs, VDTs, fax machines, etc.)

Portion of a contract package that includes a complete description of work to be completed by a contractor.

Onsite contractors who perform their work under a contract-specific safety plan (CSSP) that has been developed by the contractor in response to requirements in the statement of work (SOW) or elsewhere in the agreement that has been reviewed and accepted by the Sandia delegated representative (SDR), center ES&H coordinator (CEC)/designee, and ES&H customer support team (CST), as appropriate. Service/repair/warranty contractors are a type of contract-specific safety plan contractors.

Contractors and their individuals who perform such work as is paid for by SNL and who work under the direction of an SNL employee pursuant to the terms of the contract.

SNL management at the director or vice president level.

Craftsworkers such as electricians, welders, carpenters, plumbers, and steam fitters who perform activities, such as erection, installation, renovation, and demolition and who are not under the direct supervision of an SNL employee.

Contractor personnel who perform short-duration activities requested by an SNL employee. Activities included are equipment servicing and installation and the modification of test or building facilities.

A cause that contributed to an occurrence or condition but, by itself, would not have caused the occurrence or condition. A contributing cause, if corrected, may prevent occurrence or recurrence.

Measures that include engineering controls, administrative controls, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and work practices. Control measures are selected based on the following hierarchy:

1. Elimination or substitution of the hazards where feasible and appropriate;
2. Engineering controls where feasible and appropriate;
3. Work practices and administrative controls that limit worker exposures;
4. Personal protective equipment.

Access to onsite roadways is controlled if temporary or permanent physical access control barriers are provided. Examples of physical barriers include fences, DOE- or contractor-controlled guard gates, and security roadblocks. Passive barriers, such as signs, do not provide controlled access.

Any area to which access is managed by or for DOE to protect individuals from exposure to radiation and/or radioactive material. See Figure GLO-1.

Figure GLO-1. Establishing Controlled and Radiological Areas

A person trained in firearms activities who helps to ensure that exercises are conducted safely and that all participants follow rules. (Applied to firearms activities, and not necessarily applicable to Emergency Management activities.)

A person trained in firearms activities who helps to ensure that exercises are conducted safely and that all participants follow rules. (Applied to firearms activities, and not necessarily applicable to Emergency Management activities.)

A conventional fall protection system (i.e., guardrail system, safety net system, or personal fall arrest system).

The internal temperature of the human body, which is normal at 37.6 ° C via rectal thermometry.

Any training that is managed by Corporate Learning and Professional Development (CL&PD).

The CL&PD organization comprises Technical and Compliance Training (3521) and Organization Learning (3520).

Onsite contractors who do not perform their work under a contract-specific safety and health plan. These contractors must comply with all corporate ES&Hrequirements identified as applying to Members of the Workforce. Staff augmentation contractors are corporate ES&H procedure full set contractors. Minimal hazard contractors are a type of corporate ES&H procedure full set contractors.

An action identified to correct a finding that, when completed, fixes the problem or prevents recurrence.

The Sandia National Laboratories program for managing and reporting on corrective action plans (CAPs).

The individual who coordinates communications for resolution of findings, identified issues, or observations. This individual also submits evidence packages for closure of findings the Sandia Site Office (SSO) and Org. 12870.

The person responsible for the scope of work in which the deficiency exists and who is responsible for ensuring that appropriate corrective action is taken to remedy the deficiency and prevent its recurrence.

The solution plan of a finding or "identified" issue. The CAP must contain clear and concise milestone completion criteria and include, when appropriate, documented root cause analysis and risk assessment.

This is an internal database that tracks ES&H and EM internal and external findings.

An acidic (pH < 2) or basic (pH > 12.5) material, or material that alters skin tissue or metal at the point of contact.

A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Cooperative research and development agreement

A machine for lifting and lowering a load and moving it horizontally with the hoisting mechanism an integral part of the machine.

The attribute of being believable on the basis of commonly acceptable engineering judgment. Due to the general lack of statistically reliable data, assigning numerical probabilities to events is not justifiable and when used should be backed up with references (DOE-STD-3007-2007).

A formalized list of prerequisite detailed conditions or issues that must be satisfied to achieve the specified state of readiness.

A document that specifies core requirements that are to be measured and how they are to be measured. Evaluation methods may include document review, interview, walkdown, etc., to derive objective evidence and measure the readiness of a particular objective.

A procedural step or series of steps, or an action that, if performed improperly, will cause irreversible harm to a system, process, component, or people, or that will significantly affect facility operation. An improperly performed critical step results in a negative consequence that can not be reversed or undone (independent of when the consequence may be realized).

Systems whose de-energization would result in increased or additional hazards such as the interruption of life support equipment, deactivation of emergency alarm systems, shutdown of hazardous location ventilation equipment, or loss to classified or critical operations.

An alarm system that warns of a nuclear criticality accident and meets requirements such as in the ANSI/ANS-8.3 standard.

Synonymous with Criticality Safety Index (CSI), which is the preferred term at Sandia.

Criticality Safety Assessments may required by the NCS Program to establish the fact that proposed fissile material operations will remain safely subcritical under all normal conditions and postulated credible process upset or contingent conditions ( contingencies). This is done by considering the amounts, forms, and types of fissile material used in the system or process, establishing parameters that affect NCS, and setting limits or controls on those parameters.”

See Criticality Safety Assessment (CSA) for Sandia applications.

The CSI is the dimensionless number (rounded up to the next tenth) assigned to and placed on the label of a fissile material package to designate the degree of control of accumulation of packages containing fissile material during transportation or storage. The CSI depends on various characteristics, such as, the fissile mass, moderation, and container dimensions and construction.

An officer with responsibilities for NCS under the NCS Program. The CSO may be contacted via the ES&H Direct Access Services List or the CSO's website.

Meeting of personnel involved in or knowledgeable about an event (either a success or an abnormal event) to document a chronological account of the facts.

Flying under simulated or actual instrument flight rules (IFR) conditions on federal airways or as routed by the Aircrew Training Command (ATC), including one flight of at least 100 nautical miles and variable omni range (VOR), automatic direction finder (ADF), and instrument landing system (ILS) approaches at different airports.

A fluid that has a normal boiling point below - 150° F.

The sum of all total effective dose values recorded for an individual plus, for occupational exposures received before June 1, 2009 the cumulative total effective dose equivalent (as defined in the November 4, 1998 amendment to this rule) values recorded for an individual, where available, for each year occupational dose was received, beginning January 1, 1989.

The sum of all total effective dose equivalent values recorded for an individual, where available, for each year occupational dose was received, beginning January 1, 1989.

Soft tissue disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons, and related tissues.

Term defined in 19 CFR 101.1(e) to describe a geographic area that includes the U.S., the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

Chemicals which affect the dermal layer of the body.

The basic unit used to describe the intensity of radioactivity in a sample of material. The curie is equal to 37 billion disintegrations per second, which is approximately the rate of decay of one gram of radium. A curie is also a quantity of any radionuclide that decays at a rate of 37 billion disintegrations per second.

Chemical/material waste disposal request

Derived air concentration.

Derived air concentration hour.

Term used to indicate an imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. This signal word is to be limited to the most extreme situations.

See definition of "designated airworthiness representative (DAR)."

A permanent file intended to last the life of a pressure system. All pressure systems require a data package to document compliance with MN471000, Pressure Safety Manual.

Direct Current (compare with AC).

Solid material exceeding a 60 mm particle size that is intended for disposal and that is: a manufactured object; or plant or animal matter; or natural geologic material. However, the following materials are not debris: Any material for which a specific treatment standard is provided in Subpart D, Part 268, namely lead acid batteries, cadmium batteries, and radioactive lead solids; Process residuals such as smelter slag and residues from the treatment of waste, wastewater, sludges, or air emission residues; and Intact containers of hazardous waste that are not ruptured and that retain at least 75% of their original volume. A mixture of debris that has not been treated to the standards provided by Sec. 268.45 and other material is subject to regulation as debris if the mixture is comprised primarily of debris, by volume, based on visual inspection.

A woman who has voluntarily declared to her employer, in writing, her pregnancy for the purpose of being subject to the occupational exposure limits to the embryo/fetus as provided in 10 CFR 835.206. This declaration may be revoked, in writing, at any time by the declared pregnant worker. This form is SF 2001-PG (Word file/Acrobat file).

A determination by appropriate authority that information or documents and material no longer require protection as classified information against unauthorized disclosure in the interests of national security.

Those actions taking place after deactivation of a nuclear facility to retire it from service, including surveillance and maintenance, decontamination, and/or dismantlement.

A profile or set of profiles of depth-time relationships for ascent rates and breathing mixtures to be followed after a specific depth-time exposure or exposures.

Free from any electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from electric charge; not having a potential different from that of the earth. A conductor can only be considered deenergized if a deliberate connection is made between that conductor and ground, or the disconnecting means are locked out.

The dose equivalent derived from external radiation at a depth of 1 cm in tissue.

Means or measures (controls, barriers, and safeguards) taken to prevent or catch human error; to protect people, a facility or operation, or property against the results of human error; and to mitigate the consequences of an error.

Defense-in-depth accident prevention is a philosophy that relies on a multilevel approach to the design of safety functions to reliably terminate or mitigate the consequences of an accident. The defense-in-depth philosophy builds upon the levels of safety so that no one level by itself, no matter how good it is, is completely relied upon. The first level of safety is that all significant systems, structures, and components (SSCs) be designed and built with a high level of quality such that the equipment performs its required functions with a high tolerance against malfunction or degradation. If the first level of safety is compromised, the second level of defense-in-depth (e.g., alarms and automatic safety systems) is activated to shut down the progression of the event before a true accident situation exists.

The set of redundant and diverse defenses, barriers, controls, and safeguards to protect personnel and equipment from human error, such that a failure with one defense would be compensated for by another defensive mechanism to prevent or mitigate undesirable consequences.

Any nonconforming items, services, and processes. A deficiency may be a Finding, observation, customer complaint, or any other undesirable condition that needs improvement.

An individual who has been appointed by the manager or LSO to have primary responsibility for safety of laser operations within a specific LCA. The DLSO shall perform the functions of the LSO when the LSO is not available.

See definition of "designated engineering representative (DER)."

For the radionuclides listed in appendix A of this manual, the airborne concentration that equals the ALI divided by the volume of air breathed by an average worker for a working year of 2,000 hours (assuming a breathing volume of 2,400 m³). For the radionuclides listed in appendix C of this manual, the air immersion DACs were calculated for a continuous, non-shielded exposure via immersion in a semi-infinite cloud of radioactive material. Except as noted in the footnotes to appendix A of this manual, the values are based on dose coefficients from International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 68, Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, published July, 1994 (ISBN 0 08 042651 4) and the associated ICRP computer program, The ICRP Database of Dose Coefficients: Workers and Members of the Public, (ISBN 0 08 043 8768). These materials are available from Elsevier Science Inc., Tarrytown, NY.

The product of the concentration of radioactive material in air (expressed as a fraction or multiple of the DAC for each radionuclide) and the time of exposure to that radionuclide, in hours.

The set of requirements that bound the design for various structures, system, and components (SSCs) with the facility. These design requirements include consideration for safety, plant availability, efficiency, reliability, and maintainability. Some aspects of the design basis are important to safety, while others are not.

Those accidents that are considered credible enough to be postulated for the purposes of establishing design and performance requirements for structures, systems, and components important to safety.

An FAA licensed designated airworthiness representative, capable of certifying the airworthiness of aircraft or aircraft modifications.

Area that may be a hood, glove box, portion of a laboratory, or an entire laboratory; is posted and its boundaries clearly identifiable; and may be undesignated with appropriate decontamination.

An authorized worker, designated by the manager who owns the lockout procedure being performed, to be held responsible for the lockout/tagout of the equipment or system being serviced or maintained and all Members of the Workforce performing that servicing or maintenance. The DAW is responsible for the safety of a given work specialty crew on a given shift, an entire work shift (and their DAWs) when multiple specialties are performing servicing during a given shift, or an entire job when multiple shifts (and their DAWs) are performing servicing. There are three levels of DAWs:

• Craft DAW — The DAW for a given craft on a given shift.
• Shift DAW — The supervisor when multiple crafts perform on a given shift.
• Job DAW — The superior to the shift DAW when multiple shifts perform on a given day or for an extended period.

Note: When only one craft and one shift perform the operation, the craft-DAW would be the job-DAW. When only one shift performs with multiple crafts, the shift-DAW would be the job DAW.

Assuming three levels of DAW, the supervising DAW would lock out the energy sources and place the keys to those locks into the job-lockbox. That DAW would apply an additional lock to that same lockbox, keeping the key on his person. Subordinate DAWs (i.e., shift) would apply their lock/tag to the job-lockbox and place the key into their (i.e., shift) lockbox. The subordinate DAW would then apply an additional lock/tag to their (i.e., shift) lockbox, keeping that key on their person. At the lowest lockbox level, each authorized worker would apply their lock/tag to that final lockbox, keeping the key on their person.

An FAA licensed designated engineering representative, capable of certifying aircraft modifications under 14 CFR 23, 14 CFR 25, 14 CFR 27, and 14 CFR 29.

Related to fall protection for low -sloped roofs, it is a work area outlined on the walking/working surface by tape, paint, chalk, or a warning line where the MOW can work safely while being watched by a MOW designated as a safety-monitor.

Effects due to radiation exposure for which the severity varies with the dose and for which a threshold normally exists (e.g., radiation-induced opacities within the lens of the eye).

The software application required for tracking radiation-generating devices (RGDs) and accountable sealed radioactive sources. The use of DARTS is optional for tracking non-accountable radioactive sources and other radioactive materials.

A storage or experimental vessel designed for use with cryogenic liquids

Any human or animal material including, but not limited to, excreta, secreta, blood and its components, tissue, and tissue fluids being shipped for purposes of diagnosis.

The cause that directly resulted in the occurrence.

Any liquid or solid that flows or is placed on or onto any land or into any water. This includes precipitation discharges to the storm drains, accidental or intentional spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping of any material or substance on or into any land or water.

Radiological contamination that exists as distinct insoluble particles, less than about 1 mm in diameter, often highly mobile, characterized by complete collection on a swipe or tape press.

The rate of emission by radioactive material as determined by correcting the counts per minute observed by an appropriate detector for background, efficiency, and geometric factors associated with the instrument.

The EPA's definition of disposal, when referring to appliances that use a class I or class II substance as a refrigerant, means any process leading to and including:

1. Disassembling any appliance for reuse of its component parts or to do with its parts.
2. Discharging, depositing, dumping or placing any discarded appliance, or any parts of a disassembled appliance, into or on any land or water.

The discard of an unwanted material by discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking or placing of a waste into or on any land or water.

The profiling, disposal contracting/purchase requisitions, packaging, marking, labeling, manifesting, and offering waste for offsite transportation.

A facility where waste is intentionally placed into or on any land or water, and at which waste will remain after closure.

To transport a chemical substance or mixture or article containing a chemical substance or mixture to other distributors or from one state to another.

To distribute in commerce. Distribute in commerce means the selling, introducing, or delivering a chemical substance, mixture, or article containing a chemical substance or mixture, into commerce, or holding the chemical substance, mixture, or article containing a chemical substance or mixture after its introduction into commerce.

A dive team member who supervises and is responsible for all aspects of underwater diving operations.

A Member of the Workforce whose activities include underwater diving operations utilizing surface-supplied air and self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA).

A supply of air or gas sufficient under standard operating conditions to allow the diver to reach the surface or another source of breathable air.

A multidisciplined group of subject matter experts (SMEs) assigned to a division to provide real-time, onsite technical advice on ES&H issues.

Deputy laser safety officer

Recorded information that describes, specifies, reports, certifies, requires, or provides data or results.

a documented analysis of the extent to which a nuclear facility can be operated safely with respect to workers, the public, and the environment, including a description of the conditions, safe boundaries, and hazard controls that provide the basis for ensuring safety.

U.S. Department of Defense

United States Department of Energy

An activity taken for or by the DOE that has the potential to result in the occupational exposure of an individual to radiation or radioactive material. The activity may be, but is not limited to, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning. To the extent appropriate, the activity may involve a single DOE facility or operation or a combination of facilities and operations, possibly including an entire site.

An activity taken for or by DOE in a DOE operation or facility that has the potential to result in the occupational exposure of an individual to radiation or radioactive material. The activity may be, but is not limited to, design, construction, operation, or decommissioning. To the extent appropriate, the activity may involve a single DOE facility or operation or a combination of facilities and operations, possibly including an entire site or multiple DOE sites.

DOE Albuquerque Operations Office

Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program (for personnel dosimetry).

The set of enforceable rules, regulations, and orders relating to nuclear safety adopted by DOE (or by another agency if DOE specifically identifies the rule, regulation, or order) to govern the conduct of persons involved in DOE nuclear activities. This includes any programs, plans, or other provisions intended to implement these rules, regulations, orders, and nuclear statutes/acts. This also includes technical safety requirements (TSRs) for hazard category 1,2, or 3 DOE nuclear facilities.

DOE Nevada

The set of enforceable rules, regulations, and orders relating to nuclear safety and worker safety and health adopted by DOE (or by another agency if DOE specifically identifies the rule, regulation, or order) to govern the conduct of persons involved in DOE work activities. This includes any programs, plans, or other provisions intended to implement these rules, regulations, orders, and statutes/acts.

A general term for absorbed dose, equivalent dose, effective dose, committed equivalent dose, committed effective dose, or total effective dose as defined in the Radiological Protection Procedures Manual.

The process of determining radiological dose and uncertainty included in the dose estimate through the use of exposure scenarios, bioassay results, monitoring data, source term information, and pathway analysis.

The product of absorbed dose (D) in rad (or gray) in tissue, a quality factor (Q), and other modifying factors (N). Dose equivalent is expressed in units of rem (or sievert) (1 rem = 0.01 sievert).

U.S. Department of Transportation

Federal regulations that apply to the interstate (and, in some cases, intrastate) transportation of hazardous material or substances and hazardous waste in commerce.

An NCS principle stating that process designs shall incorporate sufficient factors of safety to require at least two unlikely, independent, and concurrent changes in process conditions before a criticality accident is possible [ANSI/ANS-8.1-1998].

Defense programs

A storage container having a cylindrical body and covered ends, usually made of metal or fiber material. One end is fixed and the other is removable for placing and removing contents. The most common drum has a capacity of 55 gallons, but drums having other capacities are used at SNL.

Two basic styles of drums exist:

• Tight-head (or non-removable head), with permanently attached top and bottom heads Tight-head drums (and pails) have their top and bottom heads mechanically rolled (seamed) in multiple layers to the body using a non-hardening seaming compound to form a joint (chime).
• Open-head (or removable head), in which the removable top head or cover is secured by using a separate closing ring with either a bolted or lever-locking closure.

Expanded rolling hoops (i.e., swedges) in the drum body stiffen the cylinder and provide a low-friction surface for rolling filled containers.

Two openings, one 2 in. (51 mm) and the other ¾ in. (19 mm), for filling and venting are usually provided in the top head, although side openings and other opening combinations and sizes are sometimes used. The openings are fitted with mechanically inserted threaded flanges conforming with American National Pipe thread standards. Threaded plugs for insertion in the flanges are made of steel or plastic and have resilient gaskets where appropriate. On full-removable-head drums, the top of the body sidewall is rolled outward to form a follow curl (false wire) to which the top head or cover is attached using a gasket of resilient material and a separate closing ring.

A bung is a plug that installs into a threaded port on the drum lid. The bung typically has a rubber or poly type of gasket to provide a seal. Typical fitting sizes are 3/4 inch and 2 inch diameters.

A valve that is installed (typically into the drum lid) for the purpose of dispensing the product and can also be used as a vent valve to equalize the drum pressure.

A clamp type of ring that is used to attach and seal a drum lid onto an open-head drum. The clamp typically uses a nut and bolt to secure the ring onto the drum.

A tool for installing or removing drum rings. The tool reduces the risk of injury from pinch points when handling drum rings and allows the operator a convenient way to stay back from the lid when opening.

A safety device consisting of straps that grip the outside diameter of the drum and extend across the top of the lid to catch it in the event of the lid being propelled into the air by internal pressure upon removal of the lid.

Dry (i.e., not contained within a liquid matrix) unbound nanoscale particles (UNP).

Depleted uranium.

A pressure vessel fabricated from materials known to fail plastically in the presence of flaws at any temperature within the specified working temperature range of the vessel.

Environmental assessment

Equipment used to perform any of the following:

• Push, fill, dump, trench, and dig land
• Scrape snow and ice
• Excavate earth

Environmental checklist/action description memorandum

The summation of the products of the equivalent dose received by specified tissues or organs of the body (HT) and the appropriate tissue weighting factor (w_T)--that is, E = Σw_TH_T. It includes the dose from radiation sources internal and/or external to the body. For purposes of compliance with this manual, equivalent dose to the whole body may be used as effective dose for external exposures. The effective dose is expressed in units of rems (or Sv).

The summation of the products of the dose equivalent received by specified tissues of the body (H_T) and the appropriate weighting factor (w_T)--that is, H_E= Ew_TH_T. It includes the dose from radiation sources internal and/or external to the body. For purposes of compliance with this part, deep dose equivalent to the whole body may be used as effective dose equivalent for external exposures. The effective dose equivalent is expressed in units of rem (or sievert).

Environmental impact statement

Environmental Impact Statement/Record of Decision.

Course that is not a requirement, but is recommended for an individual to complete.

Equipment that uses electrical energy in its operation. Includes electrical and/or electronic equipment and/or systems.

A dangerous condition, such that contact or equipment failure can result in electric shock, arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast.

A job title for a qualified person assigned to electrical or electronic work.

A condition achieved when an electrical worker has identified and eliminated all sources of electrical energy, visually verified those sources are removed, locked out and tagged out the equipment/system, verified those sources are de-energized using a tested voltmeter, and grounded the conductors or parts if necessary. This process is specifically identified in NFPA 70E, Section 120.1.

An optional web-based electronic tool that can be used in planning work and in developing technical work documents (TWDs). A completed eTWD is a working-level document that defines and communicates controls that mitigate potential ES&H hazards associated with work activities or facilities. An eTWD may be used in lieu of paper-version TWDs, e.g., Confined Space Permit (CSP). (Access the eTWD tool)

A surface at least four feet above ground level that is accessible, but not designed to be a working surface and is usually accessed for non-routine types of tasks only. Elevated surfaces include roofs, towers, storage tanks, and structural beams.

Work performed at a height greater than four feet.

A working surface that is at least four feet above ground level. Elevated working surfaces differ from elevated surfaces in that, because SNL personnel perform routine tasks on them, they are equipped with fall prevention devices such as guardrails and are designed to support the weight of and accommodate both the equipment located on them and SNL personnel who work with that equipment. Examples include work performed on roofs, storage tanks, structural beams, ladders, scaffolding, or aerial lifts.

Equipment that telescopes, articulates, rotates, or extends beyond the base dimensions to position personnel and tools at elevated locations. Elevating work platforms may be vehicle-mounted or boom-supported and are either manually- or self-propelled.

An unplanned, significant event or condition that requires time-urgent actions from emergency response resources to ensure the:

• Health and safety of Members of the Workforce and the public.
• Protection of the environment.
• Security of operations.

Any potential occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment that could result in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the work area.

Life-threatening illness or injury, or a serious accident (for example, chest pain, difficult breathing, unresponsiveness, or a debilitating fracture).

An emergency plan prepared by managers who are responsible for ten or more workers within a facility or building. The emergency action plan includes procedures for reporting emergencies, evacuations, accountability for visitors and Members of the Workforce, and critical task performances. See ES&H Procedure ESH100.3.1, Prepare for and Manage Emergencies, for additional information.

The development, coordination, and direction of planning, preparedness, and readiness assurance activities.

A chemical or biological material that meets the following chemical container attributes (adapted from DOE Order 151.1C):

• NFPA Health Hazard Rating of 3 or 4
• Container quantity greater than Lab Scale Quantity (defined in DOE O 151.1C)
• Dispersible
• Non-cryogenic
• Not a consumer product

Emergencies are the most serious occurrences, requiring an increased awareness status for site personnel and, in specified cases, for off-site authorities. Specifically, qualifying operational emergencies are significant events or conditions that pose a significant hazard to safety, health, or the environment and require time-urgent response from outside the immediate area or affected facility/site. At SNL, an operational emergency can be declared by the senior management representative (SMR) or an on-duty incident commander during an actual activation of the Emergency Operations Center (EOC).

A response effort by employees from outside the immediate release area or by other designated responders (e.g., mutual aid groups, local fire departments) to an occurrence which results, or is likely to result, in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance. Responses to incidental releases of hazardous substances where the substance can be absorbed, neutralized, or otherwise controlled at the time of release by employees in the immediate release area, or by maintenance personnel are not considered to be emergency responses. Responses to releases of hazardous substances where there is no potential safety or health hazard (i.e., fire, explosion, chemical exposure) are not considered to be emergency responses.

Members of the Workforce who are:

• Trained in emergency response actions.
• Certified by the Emergency Management Department.
• Authorized to direct or initiate actions to mitigate the consequences of an emergency.

Examples are:

• Incident Commanders.
• Rescue and Recon Team.
• Radiological Assistance Team.
• Corporate HAZMAT Team.
• Senior management representatives.
• Security.

An emergency response plan provides procedures for Members of the Workforce engaged in hazardous operations and emergency response and includes all the requirements listed in 29CFR1910.120(q) Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

A document describing the process designed to respond to and mitigate emergencies. A plan may range from a placard(s) or sign(s) listing evacuation routes and exits (in facilities that are adequately addressed by corporate processes) to a formal, detailed plan (in facilities requiring more rigor).

There are two types of emergency plans:

• Emergency action plan
• Emergency response plan

Elements of an emergency plan include a description of site/facility/operations, the hazards, hazard controls, emergency response placards, potential consequences, postulated accidents, and actions to be taken by emergency responders in the event of an emergency.

All persons employed directly by Sandia Corporation, whether on a full- or part-time, regular, or temporary basis.

A local exhaust ventilation hood that either completely or partially encloses the contaminant emission source (e.g., a laboratory hood or wet bench).

A system that warns the respirator user of the approach of the end of adequate respiratory protection; for example, when the sorbent is approaching saturation or is no longer effective.

Electrically connected to a source of potential difference, or electrically charged to a potential significantly different from that of earth in the vicinity (>= 50 volts).

Any entry for any reason into the limited approach boundary as defined in Chapter 2 of the Electrical Safety Manual.

Any source of electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, thermal, or other energy.

A mechanical or electrical device that removes a source of energy to the equipment or prevents the release of energy within a piece of equipment. The following are examples of energy source isolating devices:

• Manually operated circuit breakers
• Electrical disconnect switches
• Globe and ball valves
• Flange blanks
• Blocks of wood to support elevated portions of equipment from falling down

The following are not energy source isolating devices because they operate control circuits and do not provide lockable isolation of the main source of energy to the equipment:

• Interlock switches
• Push buttons
• Selector switches
• Motor starter circuits
• Equipment control circuits that operate internal relays to disconnect power
• Key switches that operate internal relays to disconnect electrical power

Intentionally created (in contrast with natural or incidentally formed) particle with one or more dimensions greater than 1 nanometer and less than 100 nanometers. The following types of nanoscale particles are beyond the scope of this definition:

• Bound engineered nanoscale particles.
• Biomolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates).
• Nanoscale forms of radiological materials.
• Nanoscale particles incidentally produced by human activities or natural processes, such as diesel engines and forest fires.
• Materials for which a nanoscale-specific occupational exposure limit, national consensus, or regulatory standard has been established.

Examples of engineered nanoscale particles include; nanotubes, nanofibers, fullerenes ("buckyballs"), dendrimers, quantum dots, engineered metal and metal oxide nanoscale particles, and composite materials that include particles or nanoscale fibers as one or more ingredient.

Physical or engineered features that provide passive or active protection to personnel or the environment, such as modifying, containing, or restricting access to a hazard without human intervention. Examples include laboratory fume hoods, shielding, glove boxes, and isolation).

Use of components and systems to reduce airborne radioactivity, the spread of contamination, and prevent external exposure by using equipment such as containment, ventilation, filtration, barriers, interlocks and shielding. Note: this definition only applies to the Radiological Protection Procedures Manual.

Controls such as sharps disposal containers and self-sheathing needles that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogens hazard from the workplace.

A database of numbered property or equipment with a value of $5,000 or more and sensitive property (items attractive for personal use and easily converted to cash).

Any location through which an individual could gain access to areas controlled for the purposes of radiation protection. This includes entry or exit portals of sufficient size to permit human entry, irrespective of their intended use.