Site Name: KOPPERS CO. INC (TEXARKANA PLANT)
EPA ID: TXD980623904 EPA Region: 06 Metro Statistical Area: 8360
WEST 3RD ST, TEXARKANA, TX 75501
Operable Unit:
ROD ID: EPA/ROD/R06-88/023 ROD Date: 09/23/88
Contaminant: METAL; ORGANICS; VOCS
Keys: AIR MONITORING; ARARS; ARSENIC; BENZENE; CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS; DEED RESTRICTION; DIRECT CONTACT; EXCAVATION; FILLING; FLOOD PLAIN; GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON; GROUND WATER MONITORING; GROUND WATER TREATMENT; INSTITUTIONAL CONTROLS; O&M; OILS; ONSITE DISCHARGE; ONSITE DISPOSAL; ONSITE TREATMENT; PAHS; PHENOLS; RCRA; RELOCATION; SOIL WASHING; STATE CRITERIA; TOLUENE; TREATABILITY STUDIES; TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY; XYLENES
Abstract:
THE KOPPERS TEXARKANA SITE IS LOCATED WITHIN THE CITY OF TEXARKANA, TEXAS. THE SITE CONSISTS OF A 34-ACRE RESIDENTIAL AREA AND A 28-ACRE FORMER SAND AND GRAVEL OPERATION. THE SITE IS BORDERED BY THE TEXAS AND PACIFIC RAILROAD TO THE NORTH, AN UNNAMED CREEK TO THE NORTHWEST, WAGNER CREEK TO THE SOUTHWEST, JAMESON STREET TO THE SOUTH, AND A DRAINAGE DITCH TO THE SOUTHWEST. THE ENTIRE SITE IS WITHIN A 100-YEAR FLOOD PLAIN. THE KOPPERS COMPANY OPERATED THE SITE AS A WOOD PRESERVING FACILITY FROM 1910 TO 1961, USING PENTACHLOROPHENOL (PCP), CREOSOTE, AND METALLIC SALTS IN THE OPERATION. THE FACILITY CONSISTED OF AN OPERATIONS AREA, A DRIP TRACK, AND TREATED AND UNTREATED WOOD STORAGE AREAS. THE SITE IS CURRENTLY OWNED BY CARVER TERRACE, INC., WHICH BUILT A SUBDIVISION OF 79 SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES ON A PORTION OF THE SITE, AND THE KENNEDY SAND AND GRAVEL COMPANY, WHICH MINED SAND AND GRAVEL ON THEIR PARCEL FROM 1975 TO 1984. TWO OTHER OWNERS OF SMALL PORTIONS OF THE SITE ARE THE MOUNT ZION MISSIONARY BAPTIST CHURCH AND JESSE AND OTHA PACE. THE TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES (TDWR) BECAME AWARE OF THE SITE IN 1979 THROUGH THE EKHARDT SURVEY. THE SAND AND GRAVEL PIT WAS FENCED OFF, AND IN 1985 EPA COVERED 24 RESIDENTIAL LOTS WITH SOIL AND SOD TO PROTECT THE RESIDENTS WHILE THE RI/FS WAS CONDUCTED BY KOPPERS UNDER AN ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER ON CONSENT. THE RI INDICATED THAT THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OF SITE CONTAMINANTS IN THE SOIL WERE LOCATED NEAR THE OPERATIONS AND DRIP TRACK AREAS OF THE OLD WOOD PRESERVING FACILITY. IN ADDITION, THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS IN THE GROUND WATER WERE NOTED IN OR NEAR POCKETS OF NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS (NAPLS) ALSO IN THESE SITE AREAS. THE PRIMARY CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN AFFECTING THE SOIL, GROUND WATER AND SEDIMENTS ARE VOCS INCLUDING BENZENE, XYLENES, AND TOLUENE, OTHER ORGANICS INCLUDING PAHS AND PCP, AND METALS INCLUDING ARSENIC.
THE SELECTED REMEDIAL ACTION FOR THIS SITE INCLUDES;
* EXCAVATION OF APPROXIMATELY 3,300-19,400 YD3 OF SOIL FROM RESIDENTIAL YARDS WHERE CPAH LEVELS EXCEED 100 MG/KG, WITH BACKFILLING USING CLEAN SOIL, LANDSCAPING DISTURBED YARDS, AND ONSITE TREATMENT OF THE SOIL USING SOIL WASHING WITH DISPOSAL IN THE KENNEDY SAND AND GRAVEL PIT OR AN OFFSITE HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITY;
* TEMPORARY RELOCATION OF SENSITIVE RESIDENTS (IF NECESSARY);
* COLLECTION OF NAPLS VIA TRENCHES IN THE KENNEDY SAND AND GRAVEL PIT AND/OR VIA A WELL NEST IN CARVER TERRACE AND TREATMENT AT AN ONSITE WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT USING OIL/WATER SEPARATION FOLLOWED BY ACTIVATED CARBON OR FLUIDIZED CARBON BED TREATMENT WITH RECYCLING OR OFFSITE INCINERATION OF RECOVERED NAPLS AND REINJECTION OF TREATED GROUND WATER INTO THE AQUIFER;
* GROUND WATER MONITORING;
* EXCAVATION AND TREATMENT OF DRAINAGE DITCH SEDIMENTS IN THE SOIL WASHING UNIT; AND
* DEED AND ACCESS RESTRICTIONS.
THE ESTIMATED PRESENT WORTH COST FOR THIS REMEDIAL ACTION IS $6,400,000, WHICH INCLUDES ANNUAL O&M COSTS OF $300,000.
Remedy:
THE SELECTED REMEDY WILL TREAT THE HEALTH-AND ENVIRONMENT-THREATENING CONTAMINATION RESULTING FROM HISTORICAL WOOD PRESERVING OPERATIONS AT THE SITE. UPON REVIEW OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD, EPA HAS DETERMINED THAT OIL/WATER SEPARATION AND EITHER CARBON ADSORPTION ORFLUIDIZED CARBON BED TREATMENT OF GROUNDWATER AND MECHANICAL SOIL WASHING OF THE CARVER TERRACE CONTAMINATED SOILS BEST FULFILLS THE STATUTORY SELECTION CRITERIA. THE FOLLOWING IS A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED REMEDY;
CARVER TERRACE SOILS - THE SELECTED REMEDY REQUIRES EXCAVATION OF YARDS WHERE THE SUM OF THE CARCINOGENIC POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) IN SOIL EXCEEDS 100 PPM. THE YARDS WITHIN THE GENERAL AREA OF CONTAMINATION IDENTIFIED DURING THE REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION WILL BE SAMPLED DURING THE REMEDIAL DESIGN. SHORT-TERM RISKS WILL BE CONTROLLED BY COVERING EXCAVATIONS AT THE END OF THE DAY WITH CLEAN SOIL, SUPPRESSING DUST, AND TEMPORARILY RELOCATING SENSITIVE RESIDENTS IF NECESSARY. EXCAVATED YARDS WILL BE BACKFILLED WITH CLEAN SOIL PURCHASED FROM OUTSIDE THE SITE, GRADED TO PREVENT PONDING OF RAINFALL IN YARDS, AND COVERED WITH SOD TO PREVENT EROSION AND TO REPLACE THE GRASS. IN ADDITION, ANY EXISTING LANDSCAPING DESTROYED DURING THE EXCAVATION WILL BE REPLACED. EXCAVATED SOILS WILL BE TRANSPORTED TO KENNEDY SAND & GRAVEL WHERE A SOIL WASHING UNIT WILL BE CONSTRUCTED. CLEANSED SOILS WILL BE DISPOSED OF IN THE GRAVEL PITS AT KENNEDY SAND & GRAVEL IF THE SOILS MEET THE REMEDIAL GOAL OF 100 PPM CARCINOGENIC PAHS AND ALSO SHOW NO CONTINUED LEACHING POTENTIAL USING THE EPA TOXICITY CHARACTERISTIC LEACHING PROCEDURE TEST. OTHERWISE, THE SOILS WILL NEED TO BE DISPOSED OF AT AN OFF-SITE HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY.
STRATUM I GROUNDWATER - THE REMEDY ALSO REQUIRES COLLECTION AND TREATMENT OF NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS (NAPLS) IN GROUNDWATER IN STRATUM 1. COLLECTION TRENCHES WILL BE INSTALLED AROUND AND ACROSS THE KENNEDY SAND & GRAVEL PART OF THE SITE. IN ADDITION, A WELL NEST AND COLLECTION STATION MAY NEED TO BE INSTALLED IN A VACANT AREA IN CARVER TERRACE TO THE NORTH OF WEST THIRD STREET TO QUICKEN THE COLLECTION OF A POCKET OF NAPLS LOCATED THERE. GROUNDWATER COLLECTION WILL CONTINUE UNTIL THE NAPLS HAVE BEEN RECOVERED TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT POSSIBLE. THIS LEVEL WILL BE DETERMINED DURING THE REMEDIAL ACTION BASED UPON OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN USING THE COLLECTION AND TREATMENT SYSTEM. AFTER THIS POINT IS REACHED, THE GROUNDWATER COLLECTION WILL CEASE AND THE GROUNDWATER WILL BE ALLOWED TO NATURALLY ATTENUATE TO BACKGROUND LEVELS. MONITORING WILL BE USED TO ENSURE THAT NATURAL ATTENUATION IS CONTINUING.
THE GROUNDWATER AND NAPLS WILL BE TREATED AT AN ON-SITE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT. TREATMENT WILL INCLUDE OIL/WATER SEPARATION FOLLOWED BY EITHER AN ACTIVATED CARBON OR FLUIDIZED CARBON BED SYSTEM. ANY NAPLS COLLECTED AND SEPARATED FROM THE GROUNDWATER WILL BE RECYCLED AS CREOSOTE OR INCINERATED OFF-SITE. SPENT CARBON WILL BE REGENERATED OFF-SITE. THE WATER WILL BE TREATED TO LEVELS EQUAL TO THE BEST AVAILABLE TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ORGANIC CHEMICAL, PLASTICS, AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS INDUSTRY. CLEANSED GROUNDWATER WILL BE REINJECTED INTO THE AQUIFER ALONG WITH SURFACTANTS TO HELP RECOVER THE NAPLS. ANY EXCESS WATER WILL EITHER BE DIRECTLY DISCHARGED TO WAGNER CREEK OR TO A LOCAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UNDER THE REQUIREMENTS OF A PRETREATMENT PERMIT.
DRAINAGE DITCH SEDIMENTS; SEDIMENTS IN THE BEND OF THE DRAINAGE DITCH WHICH CUTS ACROSS THE O]D LAGOON AREA WITHIN KENNEDY SAND & GRAVEL WILL BE EXCAVATED AND USED IN THE PILOT TESTING OF THE SOIL WASHING UNIT.
DRILL CUTTINGS - THE DRILL CUTTINGS COLLECTED DURING THE REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION WILL BE COMBINED WITH THE EXCAVATED CARVER TERRACE SOILS, TREATED IN THE MECHANICAL SOIL WASHING UNIT, AND DISPOSED OF ALONG WITH THE TREATED CARVER TERRACE SOILS.
KENNEDY SAND AND GRAVEL PROPERTY - ; THIS REMEDIAL ACTION IS BASED ON SITE CONTROL, IMPOSITION OF NECESSARY DEED NOTICES, AND RESTRICTION OF ACCESS TO THIS PART OF THE SITE BY USE OF A FENCE THROUGH THE DURATION OF THE REMEDIAL ACTION.
STRATUM II CONFINED ZONE - THIS ZONE WILL BE ALLOWED TO NATURALLY ATTENUATE &O]LOWING REMEDIATION. THE ZONE WILL BE MONITORED TO ENSURE THAT IT IS BEING NATURALLY CLEANSED.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE - THE NEED FOR FUTURE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE WILL BE MINIMIZED SINCE THE PRIMARY SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION WILL BE REMOVED THROUGH TREATMENT. SITE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE WILL INCLUDE MONITORING OF GROUNDWATER WELLS, AMBIENT AIR (DURING REMEDIATION ONLY), AND WAGNER CREEK WATER. THE LENGTH OF THE GROUNDWATER AND WAGNER CREEK MONITORING PROGRAM WILL CONTINUE FOR AT LEAST 30 YEARS UNLESS IT CAN BE SHOWN DURING THE REMEDIAL ACTION THAT SOME SHORTER LENGTH OF TIME IS APPROPRIATE. THIS SAMPLING PROGRAM WILL MONITOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SELECTED REMEDY AND PROVIDE THE DATA NECESSARY TO TRIGGER FUTURE CORRECTIVE ACTION, IF NECESSARY.
ADDITIONAL SITE MAINTENANCE WOULD INCLUDE, BUT NOT NECESSARILY BE LIMITED TO, INSPECTIONS OF SURFACE VEGETATION, ENSURING PROPER DRAINAGE, PROPER OPERATION OF ANY ACTIONS SUCH AS GROUNDWATER TREATMENT WHICH COULD EXTEND BEYOND THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE SOURCE CONTROL REMEDY, AND PERIODIC FENCE REPAIR. THE DETAILS OF THESE ACTIVITIES WILL BE DEFINED IN THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN OF THE REMEDIAL DESIGN. THE MONITORING DATA WILL BE EVALUATED DURING THE AGENCY S 5-YEAR REVIEW, IN ACCORDANCE WITH SARA SECTION 121(C), TO DETERMINE IF ANY CORRECTIVE ACTION IS NECESSARY.