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Results from a time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) survey conducted on Galveston
Island TX, perhaps the canonical example of a barrier island in North America.
Data was collected using the Geonics PROTEM-47 system (left panel) with a fixed
8-turn transmitter loop (~3m diam) laid out on the sand with 3-component receiver
measurements collected at ~1m intervals along a line roughly parallel to the beach.
Time-domain electromagnetic observations (center panel, symbols) are well-suited to this type of
environment because they do not suffer from the poor mechanical coupling and high attenuation
of seismic energy propagating through granular materials like unconsolidated beach sand.
A 1D Earth model (right panel) derived from an Occam-style inversion of the TDEM data
replicates (center panel, lines) the vertical magnetic field observations (symbols)
reasonably well and illuminates the conductive salt water intrusion near the base of the
beach sand at a depth of approx 5-7m. Deep (~13m and ~26m) conductive features
reflect the stratigraphy of the underlying Pliocene sediments.

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